SWINE. 407 



usually, but sometimes an unnatural looseness. The animal seems weak, and walks with a 

 stiff, tottering gait. It sometimes proves fatal in three or four days, but if the animal recov 

 ers, the duration of the disease will be about two weeks. If the animal be opened after 

 death, the nasal passages of the upper part of the throat, the windpipe, and lungs will be 

 found to be greatly inflamed, while frequently the spleen will be enlarged, soft, and of a 

 dark color; the liver is also frequently affected. Separate the patient from all other animals, 

 and give him a clean, well-ventilated pen. If the bowels are constipated, give one and a 

 half ounces of castor oil mixed with a pint of milk; if there be a diarrhoea, give twenty 

 grains of podophyllin, and two drachms of bi-carbonate of soda, mixed with the same quantity 

 of milk. Apply to the chest and throat mustard and vinegar well rubbed in, or, if a blister 

 seems necessary, a blistering ointment may be used instead, consisting of one ounce of 

 cantharides and four ounces of olive oil. Give good nursing for a few days, and if the 

 animal does not improve, we would advise killing it and burying it deep, where no other animal 

 can come in contact with the carcass, and thoroughly disinfect the pen before putting other 

 pigs into it. 



Malignant Sore Throat. The symptoms of this disease are similar to those of the 

 above-mentioned malady. The animal seems dull and stupid, is disinclined to move about; 

 will not eat; coughs and makes repeated efforts to vomit; the bowels are at first constipated, 

 followed in the second stage of the disease with a fetid diarrhoea, and difficulty in urination. 

 There is a difficulty in swallowing; red and purple spots appear around the throat, ears, 

 heart, and between the forelegs. The throat and tongue will sometimes be so swollen that 

 the latter will protrude from the mouth, and the animal will die of suffocation in a short time 

 after the attack. Give two ounces of castor oil as soon as practicable in a pint of milk. 

 Foment the neck and chest with hot water saturated with copperas; after which apply tur- 

 pentine and sweet oil mixed in equal parts. After the castor oil has taken effect, give two 

 or three times a day the following: 20 grains nitrate of soda, and the same quantity of 

 nitrate of potash, mixed with a little milk or gruel. 



Mange. This is a troublesome disease of the skin, due to an insect (Sarcoptes suis), a 

 species of acari, which produces a constant irritation or itching, accompanied with small 

 eruptions of the skin on the surface of the body generally. It is similar to the itch in man, 

 and is exceedingly contagious, never originating spontaneously, and requires that either the 

 living parasites or their eggs shall pass from diseased to healthy animals. Lite the scab in 

 sheep, it is communicated by contact with anything that has been contaminated by the dis 

 eased animal, such as rubbing posts, sides of the pen, bedding, etc. A prominent veterinarian 

 says: 



&quot; A most important point, very clearly established, is, that although any animal may 

 accidentally be the carrier of contagion between other two such as a cat or dog carrying 

 disease from one horse to another that it is essential for the development of a real mange 

 on any animal that the insect should be proper to that animal. Thus men engaged around 

 mangy horses, carry the malady from one animal to another, and suffer very slightly and 

 only for a short time themselves. The parasite which lives on the horse does not live on 

 man, and the parasite which lives on the sheep does not contaminate the shepherd s dog, 

 though the latter may, like the shepherd, or the many rubbing places, pens, railroad trucks, 

 etc., be the means whereby the malady spreads. It appears, however, that animals of the 

 same genus, though of different species, may be attacked by precisely the same insect; thus, 

 for instance, the cat, the lion, the tiger, and other feline animals, have one kind of insect 

 common to all. The pig is perhaps less affected by this troublesome disorder than other 

 animals; anyway it is the least observed.&quot; 



Considerable itching and uneasiness accompanies this disease, the animal frequently rub- 



