408 THE AMERICAN FARMER. 



bing itself, and does not seem to thrive well. An examination with a sufficiently powerful 

 magnifying glass will show these minute parasites under the scales of the cuticle. 



Give the animal daily for a week or ten days to f of an ounce of sulphur mixed with the 

 food. Rub the animal thoroughly with soft soap, allowing it to remain on for three or four 

 hours, after which wash off in warm water. When dry, apply an ointment of sulphur and 

 lard in which a little petroleum is mixed. Rub this in thoroughly and let it remain three or 

 four days; then wash again thoroughly with soft soap and water as before. If this does not 

 remove the difficulty, repeat the application of the ointment as before. It will do no good to 

 treat this disease unless the animal be removed to perfectly clean quarters, with clean bed 

 ding, etc. The old bedding should be burned and the pen thoroughly disinfected before 

 using it again. This may be done by first cleaning out all the refuse and burying or burning 

 it, and fumigating by closing all the doors and windows of the pen as tightly as possible, and 

 burning sulphur for fifteen or twenty minutes, so that the smoke will penetrate every part; 

 after which wash the walls and floor with petroleum, or apply a coating of whitewash. 



Measles. Measles in swine results from entozoa, or small internal parasites, which are 

 embryo forms of the common tape- worm, being caused by eating the egg of the common 

 tape- worm of man (Tcenia solium). Measly pork is unfit for human food, and if eaten without 

 being most thoroughly cooked will be sure to cause tape-worms, as the eating of trichina- 

 infected pork will cause trichina. It is a well-known fact that dogs are subject to tape 

 worms, probably from eating raw flesh, hence they void the eggs of this parasite, and if swine 

 come in contact with their excrement, they will be liable to become infected. In-and-in 

 breeding, impure food, especially allowing swine to eat or root over the excrement of other 

 animals, are the fruitful causes of this disease. No human excrement should ever be used 

 for manuring swine pastures, or the land where roots are grown for pigs, especially when they 

 are to be fed raw. 



Contact with others of the herd having this disease should also be avoided. Too much 

 caution cannot be used against breeding from pigs that have ever been affected with 

 this disease, or permitting breeding sows to eat the droppings of other animals, or their 

 own. Raw flesh, such as the refuse from the slaughter-house, should never be fed to pigs, 

 as it may contain the embryo tape-worms, and will be liable to produce measles in the pigs 

 that eat it, as in their progeny. The tape-worm is a flat-bodied worm closely jointed, the 

 entire body being made up of small segments or joints from an eighth to half an inch in 

 length, joined so as to make a depression between the segments. These worms sometimes 

 attain the length of a hundred feet or more. The head is at the narrow end, and is globular 

 in form, having circular sucking-discs, and a proboscis encircled by a row of small hooks by 

 which it can attach itself to the inner coat of the stomach or intestines. 



From the broad end of the body, the segments become detached or unjointed as it were, 

 from time to time as they mature, and are expelled from the body of the animal. These 

 small segments may frequently be seen wriggling along over the ground, grass, and 

 vegetables where they chance to be deposited, and as they go leave an innumerable number 

 of small eggs, which are taken up by grazing animals, more especially hogs. It is estimated 

 by those who have given the subject a close investigation, that a single tape-worm lays 

 upwards of 25,000,000 of eggs. 



&quot;When one of these eggs is taken into the stomach of a hog, it hatches into a six-hooked 

 embryo, which bores its way into the tissues, and there it encysts itself and remains a long 

 time. A person eating flesh having such embryos will take into the stomach what will soon 

 produce a tape- worm, which will cause intestinal pain, emaciation, nervousness, and sometimes 

 convulsions and death. 



Symptoms, etc. On the skin of pigs affected with this disease will be found a 

 number of small watery pimples or pustules of a reddish color; the animal coughs; is feverish, 



