DOGS. 721 



of castor oil to free the bowels. A dog of an average size requires about tLe same dose of 

 every kind of medicine as an adult man. 



Ring Worm. This is a local irritation, usually characterized by an elevation of the 

 skin in the form of a ring, which spreads, the ring still retaining its form. The skin of the 

 affected part becomes scaly and rough, the hair finally dropping off. The disease is caused by 

 a parasite, and produces intense itching of the parts affected. &quot;Wash well with soap and 

 water, and apply a lotion, consisting of ten grains nitrate of silver and one ounce of water. 

 Mix thoroughly, and apply twice a day with a camel s hair brush. 



Surfeit. Dogs that are highly fed and kept in too close confinement, are apt to 

 suffer from a surplus of flesh, fits, vertigo, dropsical tendencies, etc. The best treatment is 

 to avoid the cause, by gradually reducing the feed, and increasing the exercise. If the 

 bowels are constipated give mild doses of castor oil, with injections of warm water, until 

 the difficulty is removed. 



Tetanus or Lockjaw. This is very unusual in dogs, and when it occurs is very apt 

 to prove fatal. Kemedies are of little avail. 



Worms. These are a fruitful source of disease in the dog, and infest those of all 

 ages, from the puppy to the old dog. There are numerous varieties, all of which are 

 propagated by ova; some are, however, viviparous, and the medicine that may clear the 

 system of them at one period may not result in a permanent cure, since the eggs that remain 

 in the stomach and bowels may afterwards hatch. Besides the intestinal worms of different 

 varieties, there are others, such as the large kidney worm, the hydatid, and the Toema coenurus, 

 sometimes found in the brains of herbivorous animals. 



The Tape Worm is a flat-bodied worm made up of segments or joints from one-eighth to 

 half an inch in length. These segments are joined end to end, forming a worm that may be 

 from one inch to a hundred or more feet in length. Its head is furnished with circular sucking 

 discs, surrounded by one or more rows of booklets by which it attaches itself to the internal 

 coat of the stomach and bowels. As fast as these segments of the worm mature, they detach 

 one by one from the tail end of the worm, and are expelled from the body in the excrement. 

 They then crawl about on the ground and grass laying their eggs, and are liable to be eaten 

 by other animals, as has been previously described in connection with Swine. There are at 

 least five different kinds of the Tape Worm in the dog, all differing more or less from each 

 other, yet similar in many respects. 



Round Worm. The Round Worm (Ascaris marginata) is quite common with dogs, and often 

 does serious injury when existing in large numbers. They are generally from two to seven 

 inches in length, round, firm, and pinkish in color. The two extremities are precisely alike, 

 and are slightly flattened in one direction at the point. They frequently collect in bunches 

 in the bowels as large as a good sized egg; sometimes also crawling into the stomach. They 

 are propagated by ova, but are sometimes hatched in the body of the parent, and a large 

 worm will accordingly be occasionally seen full of small ones. The Round worm of the cat 

 (Ascaris mystax) is quite similar, and is common to the human species. 



Tlie Haw Worm. This worm is larger in the dog than in the human species, where it is 

 a mere thread, and is called the thread worm.&quot; In the dog it attains an inch in length, being 

 of a milky white color. 



Kidney Worm. This worm (Estrougylus gigar) is found in the kidney of the horse, ox, 

 hog, dog, wolf, otter, raccoon, and other animals. Owing to the nature of its food, which 

 is derived from the vessels of the kidney, it is of a dark blood color. 



Professor Owens, an English authority, says: &quot;When suppuration has taken place round 



