756 THE AMERICAN FARMER. 



week or two by pinching the tips of the shoots and thus arresting their growth. 2. The 

 bark must separate easily from the stocks to be budded so as to be lifted from the wood 

 beneath it without injury. 3. The bud with its slice of bark must be perfectly separated 

 from the scion without injuring the eye or center of the bud where it is attached to the wood. 

 4. The bark containing the bud, and the bark of the stock must be brought close together 

 in order to secure the necessary healing of the wound, and the attachment of the bud to the 

 stock. 5. The wound must be protected by a bandage to exclude air and foreign moisture. 

 Choico varieties of roses and other plants may be propagated by budding, as well as fruit 

 and other trees. 



Reversed Shield Budding is simply making the horizontal cut at the bottom of the incision 

 of the bark instead of at the top, and does not seem to possess any advantage over the 

 former. 



Annular or Ring Budding is frequently practiced with trees of hard wood and thick 

 bark, or that have buds of such large size that shield budding would be a difficult operation. 

 By this mode, a ring of bark is taken from the stock, and a ring of corresponding size 

 containing a bud is taken from the scion and inserted in place of the 

 former; in cutting the ring, care should be used not to cut too near the* 

 bud, but to leave sufficient space above and below it, perhaps from an 

 eighth to a quarter of an inch, to protect it. If the ring from the 

 scion should be too large around or too small, it may be cut to fit the 

 stock by shortening it, or be pieced out by a strip of bark added. 

 Bandages should be applied the same as with previously described 

 modes. ANNULAR BUDDING. 



Propagation by Cuttings. This mode of propagating fruit trees consists of 

 planting scions in the ground, by which means they take root at the extremity, thus becoming 

 a new and perfect plant. All fruit trees and vines may be propagated in this way, but some 

 will grow much more rapidly than others, a few only growing sufficiently fast in this way to 

 render their propagation by this means desirable. Those that may be the most successfully 

 propagated in this way are the currant, gooseberry, grape vine, quince, fig, and mulberry. 

 Cuttings of the currant, gooseberry, and hardy kinds of grapes will take root very readily 

 in the open garden in a soil that is not too dry. 



One of the best authorities on this subject gives the following directions: &quot;Currants and 

 gooseberries are generally taken off in the fall or winter, prepared for planting, and two- 

 thirds of their lower ends buried in the ground till the commencement of spring, when they 

 are planted out, either where they are to remain or in nursery rows. They will succeed 

 nearly as well if taken off in the spring, but, owing to the period at which they commence 

 growing, this must be attended to very early, if deferred till that season. A successful 

 practice is to prepare the cuttings of gooseberries and currants early in the autumn, and to 

 plant them at once in the position where they are to grow the succeeding summer. In 

 planting, set the cuttings into the ground so deeply that but one bud will be left at or near 

 the surface, and then, as soon as the frosts of winter come, cover the whole ground with a 

 light mulch of straw manure, or other litter three or four inches deep. 



In order to raise plants of the gooseberry and currant, with straight clean stems, which 

 shall not throw up suckers, it is only necessary, before planting the cutting, to cut out every 

 eye or bud to be placed below the surface of the ground. The cutting should be about 

 a foot long, eight inches of which may be inserted in the ground. To insure a greater 

 success in raising the finer sorts of gooseberry, or other shrubs, it is customary to plant the 

 cuttings on the shaded side of a wall or fence, in deep rich loam, rather damp than dry. 

 Cuttings of the vine are generally prepared when trimming the old plants in autumn or 



