FRUIT CULTURE. 769 



tivation, and which are best adapted to certain localities, since a variety may prove of supe 

 rior quality in one locality, and quite the reverse in another, the difference being caused by 

 the difference in soil and climate. There are, however, many varieties that seem to thrive 

 well in nearly all parts of the country. Mr. Downing says with reference to this subject: 



&quot; A variety may prove of superior merit in one locality and quite indifferent in another, 

 owing to influence of soil and climate. This, however, is true only to a very limited extent, 

 as the fact that most sorts of the first character receive nearly the same praise in Belgium, 

 England, and all parts of this country clearly proves. High flavor, handsome appearance, 

 productiveness, and uniformly good flavor in all seasons these are the criterions of the first 

 class of pears. 



Most of the finer varieties of pears have not the necessary hardiness to enable them to 

 resist, perfectly uninjured, the violent atmospheric changes of our climate, except under 

 favorable circumstances; consequently the fruit is more or less variable in quality; and this 

 is more particularly true of some that come to us from abroad with promise of the highest 

 excellence, and to pronounce an abiding judgment upon their merits requires many years experi- 

 ence and careful observation under different circumstances and in various localities. And it 

 must be borne in mind that, although young trees give fruit of nearly or quite full size and 

 beauty, yet perfection of flavor is only to be expected from trees of more mature age. The 

 inference is not legitimate that a variety which exhibits great excellence in Belgium, or some 

 of the districts of France, will exhibit generally in all localities in the United States the same 

 excellence; but the supposition is fair, and borne out by some experience, that those which 

 possess excellence of a particular character in an eminent degree in Europe, will generally 

 exhibit the same in particular localities in this country. We would instance such vigorous 

 growers, with pretty solid flesh, as the following: Belle Lucrative, Rostiezer, Duchesse d An- 

 gouleme, Beurre Hardy, etc. To produce satisfactory results in the cultivation of pears, 

 some of their wants must always be complied with, such as good depth of soil, sufficient drain 

 age, and proper enrichment.&quot; 



In some sections certain varieties are specially subject to disease, such as blight, yellows, 

 etc., when in other localities they may be entirely exempt from disease of every kind, the 

 climate, soil, etc., exercising a great influence in this respect. The amateur fruit grower will 

 therefore do well to consult the best practical fruit growers in his vicinity with reference to 

 .the best adapted varieties, before selecting his trees, as he may thereby be saved much 

 expense, labor, and disappointment. 



It will not be possible, owing to want of space, to give in this work an extended list or 

 description of the many excellent varieties of pears cultivated in this country; we shall only 

 give a brief list of some of the choicest kinds, such as the BAKTLETT, BEURRE D ANJOU, 

 DUCHESSE D ANQOULEME, FLEMISH BEAUTY, BLOODGOOD, KEIFFER S HYBRID, CLAPP S FAVOR 

 ITE, LOUISE BONNE, HOWELL, LAWRENCE, SECKEL, VICAR OF WINKFIELD, WINTER NELIS, BUF- 

 FUM, BEURRE CLAIRGEAU, BUERRE GIFFORD, BELLE LUCRATIVE, LOUISE BONNE DE JERSEY, 

 BEURRE Bosc, LECONTE, ETC. 



Among the varieties that will endure about the coldest localities of the United States 

 may be mentioned the Flemish Beauty, Louise Bonne de Jersey (dwarf), Beurre d Anjou, 

 Clapp s Favorite, Doyenne d Ete, Duchesse, Rostiezer, Seckel, Winter Nelis, and Onondaga, 

 while the Bartlett and Lawrence are also quite hardy and able to endure a cold climate, 

 although not quite equal in this respect to those previously mentioned. 



The Bartlett. This is the most popular of all the summer varieties, and originated 

 in England in 1770, and was known there as Williams Bonchretien. When first introduced 

 its name was lost, and having been cultivated and disseminated by Enoch Bartlett, of Dor 

 chester, near Boston, it became known by its present name. It is considered the best of all 

 the summer varieties. The fruit is of large size, oblong, skin thin and smooth, clear yellow, 



