1002 THE AMERICAN FARMER. 



an hour in a teacup of warm water, stir it without draining into the boiling water. Let 

 it simmer for an hour, stirring often. Strain it before adding the sugar. 



Stewed Oysters (for one person). Open and drain the liquor from six oysters; mix 

 a tablespoon of hot water with the juice, add a little salt and pepper; boil five minutes; skim 

 off the froth, put in the oysters, let them boil five minutes, not more ; add a teaspoon of but 

 ter; the moment it is melted remove from the fire and add a half cup of milk which has 

 been boiled when the oysters were stewing. 



Clam Broth (for one person). Drain off a cup of juice from the clams, add half a 

 teacup of hot water, season with a little salt and pepper; let it boil five minutes, skim, throw 

 in the clams, let them stew fifteen minutes, take them out and add a soda cracker which has 

 been rolled into a powder. 



Hoarseness. The best remedy for hoarseness with which we are familiar, and also to 

 relieve a cough caused by an irritation in the throat, is to take a frequent dose of the follow 

 ing simple remedy: Add to good sharp cider vinegar a sufficient quantity of loaf sugar to 

 make it, when dissolved, of the consistency of thin syrup; then sift in enough cayenne pep 

 per to make it leave a burning sensation in the throat when used; take a small swallow to 

 moisten the throat occasionally. Lemon juice may be used in place of vinegar. 



Sore Throat. Gargling with salt and water, camphor and water, or with a solution 

 of chlorate of potash, is excellent for a sore throat. &quot;When the throat is swollen and much 

 inflamed a mustard poultice or a poultice of part mustard and part ginger should be applied 

 externally. 



Wonderful Liniment. Two ounces of oil of spike, 2 of organum, 2 of hemlock, 2 

 of wormwood, 4 of sweet oil, 2 of spts. ammonia, 2 of gum camphor, 2 of spts. turpentine, 

 and one quart of pure cider brandy; mix well together and bottle tight. 



This liniment is excellent for sprains, bruises, lameness, etc., etc., in horses. Omit the 

 turpentine and you have one of the best liniments ever made for human ails, such as rheu 

 matism, sprains, etc., whenever an outward application is required. 



Opodeldoc. Take alcohol half a gallon, 2 pounds of castile soap, 4 oz. of gum 

 camphor, 2 oz. of oil of ambre, place the alcohol into a pot in hot water, shave up the soap 

 and keep it hot until all dissolves, and you have the old original opodeldoc. 



Staining Wood. To stain wood brown, use a concentrated solution of potassium per 

 manganate in water. Red boil ^ Ib. of logwood and oz. of soda in a pint of water; 

 apply hot, and then go over the work with a strong aqueous solution of alum. Rose potas 

 sium iodide in 12 parts of water for first bath ; as second, mercuric chloride (corrosive sub 

 limate) in 40 parts of water. Indigo solutions give blue washes. Wood dipped in con 

 centrated hot solution of copper sulphate, and then in solution of washing soda, becomes 

 light blue. Verdigris dissolved in 4 parts of vinegar imparts a good green color to dry 

 wood. Turmeric dissolved in wood naphtha produces a yellow wash. Aqua regia (nitro- 

 muriatic acid), when diluted with 3 parts of water, though somewhat destructive, is often 

 used on light woods for a strong yellow. 



For ebonizing wood, Brazil wood, powdered nutgalls and alum are boiled in water until 

 a blackish color is obtained ; the liquid is filtered and applied to the wood, which is then 

 washed in a liquor made by digesting strong vinegar and a little oil of vitriol for some time 

 with excess of iron turnings; thoroughly wash the wood, dry, and oil. 



For staining fine woods of a rich, dark color, the following is applicable: Four ounces 

 of gallnuts, 1 ounce of powdered logwood, - ounce of green vitriol, and ^ ounce of verdigris 

 are boiled with water, and the solution, filtered hot, is applied to the wood, which is then 

 coated with a solution of 1 ounce of fine iron filings, dissolved by digestion in a small 

 quantity of hot wine vinegar. 



Some of the finest effects are now produced in the toning or darkening of woods for 

 decorative purposes logwood, lime, brown soft soap, dyed oil, sulphate of iron, nitrate of 

 silver exposed to sun s rays, carbonate of soda, bichromate and permanganate of potash, and 

 other alkaline preparations being employed to this end. The art is simple. The solution is 

 applied by dissolving one ounce of the alkali in two gills of boiling water, diluted to the 

 required tone; the surface is saturated with a sponge or flannel, and immediately dried with 

 soft rags. The carbonate is used for dark woods; oil tinged with rose madder may be 

 applied to hard woods like birch, and a red oil is prepared from soaked alkanet root in lin 

 seed oil ; the grain of yellow pine is brought out by two or three coats of japan much diluted 



