1004 THE AMERICAN FARMER. 



crib flares at the sides, measure the width at the top and also at the bottom, add the two 

 sums together, and divide the two, which will give the mean width. 



A Firkin of Butter was formerly 56 Ibs., but it is now generally put up in 50 or 



100 Ib. firkins. 



A Bale Of Cotton is 400 Ibs., but it is put up in different States varying from 280 to 

 to 720 Ibs. Sea Island cotton is put up in sacks of 300 Ibs. 



Measurement of Hay. The only exact method of measuring hay is to weigh it, but 

 the rules given below will be found sufficient for ordinary practical purposes. 



To Find the Number of Tons of Meadow Hay in Windrows. Multiply 

 together the length, in yards, and divide the product by 25. The quotient will be the number 

 of tons in the windrow. 



To Find the Number of Tons of Hay in a Mow, Multiply together the length, 

 height, and width, in yards, and divide by fifteen, if the hay be well packed. If the mow be 

 shallow, and the hay recently placed therein, divide by 18, and by any number from 15 to 

 18, according as the hay is well packed. 



To Find the Number of Tons of Hay in Square or Long Stacks. Multiply 

 the length of the base in yards by the width in yards, and that by half the height in yards, 

 and divide by 15. 



To Find the Number of Tons of Hay in a Load. Multiply together the 

 length, width, and height, and divide the product by 20. To ascertain the value of a given 

 number of Ibs. of hay, straw, or other commodity sold by the ton, at a given price per ton, 

 multiply the number of Ibs. by one-half the price per ton, and point off three figures from 

 the right. The result will be the price of the article. 



To Measure Stone and Brick Walls. A perch of stone is 24.75 cubic feet. 

 When built in the wall, 2f cubic feet are allowed for the mortar and filling; hence, 22 cubic 

 feet of stone make one perch of wall. Masons estimate 3 pecks of lime and 4 bushels of 

 sand to a perch of wall. To find the number of perches of stone in a wall, multiply together 

 the length, height, and thickness in feet, and divide -by 22. Common bricks are 7| to 8 

 inches long by 4^ wide and 2 thick. Front bricks are inch longer and wider. It requires 

 20 common bricks to lay one cubic foot. In an 8-inch wall 15 common bricks make one foot 

 of wall. To find the number of bricks in a wall 12 inches or more in thickness, multiply 

 together the length, height, and thickness in feet, and that again by 20. For an 8-inch wall, 

 multiply the length by the height, and that by 15, and the product will be the number of 

 bricks in the wall. If the wall is perforated by openings, such as doors, windows, etc., 

 multiply the length of such openings by the width, and that by the thickness, and deduct 

 from the cubic contents of the wall before multiplying by 15 or 20 as above. 



To Measure Land. If the field be a square or parallelogram, multiply the length in 

 rods by the width in rods, and divide by 160, the number of square rods in an acre. If the 

 field is triangular, multiply the length of the longest side in rods by the greatest width in 

 rods, and divide half the product by 160. If the field be of irregular shape, divide it into 

 triangles, and find the acreage of each triangle as above. All straight-sided fields can be 

 thus measured. Where the sides are crooked and irregular, take the length in rods in a 

 number of places at equal distances apart, add them, and divide by the number of measure 

 ments, which will give the mean length ; proceed similarly with the width, multiply the mean 

 length by the mean width, and divide by 160. Where the field is in a circle, find the diameter 

 in rods, multiply the square of the diameter by 7,854, and divide by 160. 



To Lay out an Acre in Rectangular Form. An acre of land contains 160 

 square rods, or 43,560 square feet. Hence, to layout an acre at right angles (square corners), 

 when one side is known, divide the units in the square content by the units of the same kind 

 in the length of the known side. Thus: if the known side be 4 rods, divide 160 by 4, and 

 the quotient 40 will be the depth of the acre-plot. If the length of the known side be 90 

 feet, divide 43,560 by 90, and the quotient 48 will be the depth of an acre-plot. 



Measurement of Wood and Lumber. A cord of wood contains 128 cubic feet. 

 To ascertain how many cords there are in a pile of wood, multiply the length by the height, 

 and that by the width, and divide the product by 128. To ascertain the circumferences of a 



