272 



INDEX. 



Pulmonary blood-vessels, 141-2, 147, 



149, 151 

 Purpura (Porphura), 106, 163-4, 



217-8 

 Pyloric cseca of fishes, 158, 162, 164, 



231 



Pyrenees, 56 

 Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans, 



30, 32, 34, 67 



Quails (Ortijx), 106, 111, 156, 161 

 Quintessence, 6 



Rain, 42-3, 46, 48 



Rainbows, 13, 15, 28, 32, 34-6, 36- 

 42, 63, 64, 68-9 



Ramsay, Sir W., 91 



Ramus, 2 



Ravens (Korax), 135, 161 



Ray, John, 5, 85, 208, 221 



Rays or skates (Batos, Leiobatos), 

 24, 129, 152, 193, 230-1 



Reclus, E., 53, 57-8 



Rectilinear propagation of light, 

 63-4 



Red deer (Elaphos), 115, 253 



Redi, F., 115 



Red Sea, level of the, 58 

 ,, snow, 60 



Reflection, acoustic, 77, 78 



optical, 34-8, 41-2, 64-5 



Refraction, optical, 64-5 



Rennet, 117 



Reptiles, 24, 75, 102, 103, 105-6, 

 108, 112, 120-1, 132, 136, 138, 

 151, 154-7, 159, 161-2, 165-8, 

 170, 174, 180-1, 208, 214, 237-9, 

 240, 241, 258 



Respiration, 75, 97, 148-50 



Retriever pups, Duke of Grafton s, 

 134 



Revival of interest in A. s works, 5 



Rhetoric, established by A., 5 



Rhipiean mountains, 56 



Ribs, 24, 111, 118, 120, 121 



Right more noble than left, 27, 113 



Risso, 229 



Rock thrush, blue (Kyanos), 246 



&quot; Rods &quot; (rhabdoi), 34-6 



Rolleston, G., 157, 258 



Rondelet, 4, 85-6, 229, 233, 234, 236 



Rose, Valentin, 16 



Rouse, Dr. W. H. D., 86 



Rufus Ephesius, 157, 176 



Ruminating fish, 162, 236-7 



Ruminating stomach, complex struc 

 ture of, 102, 159-60 



Sabre-horned antelopes (Oryx), 132, 



252, 254-5 

 Sachs, J. von, 99 

 Sacred beetles (Kantharos), 223 

 Salamanders (Salamandra), 240 

 Salviani, 229 



Saltness of the sea, 45-7, 54-5 

 Sanderson, G. P., 260 

 Sand-martins (Drepanis), 245-6 

 Sardinian weasels (llctis), 257-8 

 Scales of fishes, 24-5, 66, 135, 136, 



147, 210-11, 230, 236 

 Scaliger, 47, 186, 255 

 Scammander, 135 

 Scarus cretensis (Skaros), 25, 129, 



152, 162, 233, 236-7 

 Schenk, Dr. L., 198 

 Schneider, J. G., 16, 120, 155, 191, 



238, 240, 255 



Scorpoena (Skorpios), 106, 162 

 Scutes, 135, 211 

 Scyros, 246 



Scythia, bitter waters of, 55 

 Sea and land, relative changes of, 



28, 48-9, 263 

 Sea-anemones (Akalephe, Knide), 



79, 84, 215, 217 



Sea-eagles (Haliaietos), 241, 242 

 Seals (Pholce), 122, 130, 155, 165, 



180-1, 257, 260 

 Sea, nature of the, 46 ; saltness of 



the, 45-7, 54-5 

 Seas, depths of, 54 

 Seasonal changes in colours of birds, 



135 

 Sea-urchins (Echinos, Echinome- 



tra, Spatangos, Bryttos), 106, 



127, 130, 164, 171, 194, 219 

 Selache, 14, 162, 209, 213-4, 229-33, 



250 

 Semeia or means of progressive 



motion, 188 

 Semen, 111, 114, 166-7, 168, 169, 



195-8 



Seminal ducts, 166-7, 169-70 

 Seneca, 65, 186 

 Senses and sensation, 21, 71, 73-4, 



80, 84, 95, 97, 100-1, 151, 153, 

 173-5, 179-82, 183, 184-5, 187 



Sensory organs, 75, 102, 173-7, 179- 

 80, 182-3, 184, 185-7, 202-4, 206, 

 212, 226, 238-9, 259 



Sepia (Sepia), 106, 127, 163, 171, 

 210, 226-7 



Serum, 107, 112-4, 116 



Servetus, 147 



Severn, elvers in the, 199 



