NOTES ON ARMORIAL HORSE TRAPPINGS. 231 



They are also found circular with the charge or badge filling 

 the whole field, or they may be oblong, circular, or lozenge 

 shape, with an inner heater shaped shield or shields charged 

 with arms ; star-like examples are also occasionally seen with 

 a central charge or device as in the Blackmore Museum 

 (fig. 8). A. J. Copeland, Esq., F.S.A., exhibited (December 

 14th, 1905) two objects lately found near Canterbury. 

 The one is a small quatrefoil pendant of copper, 1J inch in 

 diameter, once enamelled, charged with a square containing 

 a leopard passant to the sinister, and four fleurs-de-lis, and 

 probably of the fourteenth century. The other is a quatre- 

 foil stud or boss of bronze, 1| inch wide, with a peg behind 

 engraved with a labelled mitre, and probably of the fifteenth 

 century.* 



These little pendants were usually made of bronze or 

 copper, with the desired device enamelled thereon by the 

 champ-leve process in fairly refractory enamel ; this process 

 consists of chiselling out the ground work, filling this with 

 enamel and firing, in the age we are speaking of, over a 

 charcoal or coal fire f, at a temperature of some 900 to 

 1000 Fah., the exposed parts of the metal were then usually 

 gilded. 



J The following document, one of the most ancient 

 receipts for the composition of enamel hitherto noticed, is 

 preserved in the British Museum, in one of the Sloane MSS., 

 which appears to have been written in England in the earlier 

 part of the fourteenth century. It deserves observation, 

 as indicating that English artificers about that period were 

 not unskilled in the art of enamelling, that in the Roll of 

 the inhabitants of Paris, A.D. 1292, the names of gold- 

 workers appear, designated as Englishmen, or of London, 



* Proceedings Society of Antiquaries of London, Vol. XXI., 2nd 

 series, p. 43 ; also see Vol. xv, page 248, with three illustrations. 



t See description, page 281, &c., Theophilus, Encyclopaedia of 

 Christian Art. 



J The Archaeological Journal, Vol. II., " Enamel of the Middle 

 Ages, :> by Albert Way, F.S.A. 



