SURVEYS OF VALLEY ENTRENCHMENTS. 37 



defence, but probably their chief use was to keep off wolves 

 and wild animals. They must have been a pastoral people 

 having flocks and herds, and there are not wanting indications 

 that they may also have cultivated the soil in fields from the 

 prevalence of line , of terrace near them." (5) 



The square-shaped entrenchments excavated in Cranborne 

 Chase were as follows : 



The South Lodge Camp, Rushmore, Wilts ; Martin Down 

 Camp, Wilts ; The Angle Ditch (apparently a partially con- 

 structed Camp) on Handley Down, Dorset all of which 

 proved to be purely Bronze Age structures ; and the Handley 

 Hill Entrenchment, which was ascribed to Bronze Age or 

 Early Roman times. 



Of the above, only the Martin Down entrenchment was 

 situated in a valley ; and no other valley example appears 

 to have come under the observation of Pitt Rivers during his 

 later years. That he regarded both classes as a whole seems 

 evident from the following extract : 



" The position of the Bronze Age Camp on Martin Down, 

 in a slight hollow, shows that it must have been selected 

 chiefly for shelter, and the vicinity probably of water at that 

 time and not exclusively for defence. The positions of the 

 South Lodge Camp and the Handley Hill entrenchment 

 close to the summits of hills, but on one side of them, were 

 probably chosen for the same reason. Had defence been 

 their only object, a command of view on all sides would have 



been very important We must not assume that 



because the Bronze Age Camps here described were of small 

 size and squarish form, all Bronze Age Camps were the same. 

 These may have been chiefly for agricultural purposes, whilst 

 the defensive camps and fortresses were different." (6) 



The irregularity of "the line of the ditches of the above 

 entrenchments is a point emphasised in the same address : 

 " This is in accordance with what I have constantly found in 



5. Ibid. Introduction to, p. 19. 

 (5. Ibid. Introduction to, p. 20. 



