SURVEYS OF VALLEY ENTRENCHMENTS. 43 



typical examples of the valley-proper type. They lie between 

 the 500 and 600ft. contours. 



Their ramparts and ditches are in a fairly good state of 

 preservation. The bifurcation of the rampart near the 

 entrance of the eastern enclosure is puzzling. From the 

 levels shown in Section A.B. it would appear that such a 

 feature may have been produced by later reconstruction of 

 the rampart at this point. In the eastern work a line of 

 rank grass borders the interior slope of the north rampart. 

 Excavation may prove that this growth of grass is due to 

 a shallow but filled-in trench running along the base of the 

 rampart. 



A characteristic of great interest in connection with the 

 study of the ancient cultivations of the Chalk Downs, is that 

 the lower earthwork lies between two reduced but distinct 

 cultivation balks (" c " and " b " on plan). Similar terraces 

 exist on the sides of the valley east of and below the earth- 

 works, and they seem to belong to that system of cultivation 

 (seen in other coombes near Piddletrenthide and in Sussex 

 as well) in which the balks run from hill to hill in direct 

 lines across the valley. A comparison of the nearly perfect 

 state of the earthworks with the very reduced condition of 

 the terraces certainly favours the view that the cultivation 

 divisions " c " and " b " are earlier than the entrenchments. 

 (14). 



In the eastern enclosure two very slight terraces (bordering 

 " a " on plan) run nearly parallel to the north rampart. 

 These may have been produced by a single, though not 

 necessarily ancient, cultivation of the central patch "a." 

 The western rampart of the lower work is now broken 

 in two places by cart tracks ; but in each case the ditch 

 opposite is continuous. The pit on the hillside north of the 

 eastern entrenchment is about three feet deep and may be 

 modern. 



14. " The Problem of Ancient Cultivations," by Herbert S. Toms, 

 " The Antiquary,'" November, 1911, pp. 411-417. 



