PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS. Ixxix. 



to me more probable. Excavations have been carried on in 

 many places. In Egypt a 1st dynasty cemetery at Tar khan 

 has been examined, and is considered to prove the presence 

 there of the conquering tribe of Egypt who eventually 

 founded Memphis, who appear to have been slightly shorter 

 than the native population. At Meroe more Roman objects 

 have been found, showing a probable occupation by their 

 troops. At Abydos a large reservoir has been found and two 

 gigantic colonnades leading into a great hall, which appears 

 from inscriptions to be the celebrated tomb of Osiris. On 

 the Palatine Hill at Rome has been discovered the famous 

 Mundus supposed to lead to the infernal regions. The pit is 

 covered by a square roughly hewn slab of tufa, pierced by 

 two holes. In Guatemala a series of temples has been brought 

 to light, containing many carvings and hieroglyphs of at 

 present unknown interpretation. At Carchemish and else- 

 where works have also been carried on. At Pompeii the 

 remains of the ancient harbour have been found, about 

 1,300 yards from the present seashore, covered with a layer 

 23 feet deep. In Ionia a remarkable collection of ancient 

 Greek surgical instruments has been discovered, all of bronze, 

 except two of steel. The collection is to go to an American 

 Museum. Nearer home, excavations in the shell-mounds of the 

 Scotch Island of Oransay have produced numerous early bone 

 and horn implements, and at Cor bridge a large find of 

 Roman articles has been made pottery altars, a bronze pig 

 containing gold coins, and many other things. From an 

 Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Hornsea a series of bronze brooches 

 similar to ones found in Norway, a bell, and food vases without 

 any ornamentation were obtained, and are now in the Hull 

 Museum. In Kinkell Cave, near St. Andrews, a slab of red 

 sandstone with incised crosses is considered by the excavators 

 to be one of our earliest Christian relics. A discovery of 

 pigmy flints of various forms has been made in Scotland near 

 the junction of the Feugh with the river Dee. A flint work- 

 shop floor containing numerous hammer-stones, cores, worked 

 flints, flakes, pot boilers, fragments of pottery and animal bones 



