EAELY MAN IN DORSET. 33 



Scientific Societies held their Congress at Bournemouth. 

 This was a fragment of a horse's rib on which was a 

 paleolithic engraving of a horse's head, the second example, 

 only, of paleolithic pictorial art found in England. 



Our county possesses no caves. 



Did the glaciers of these glacial epochs extend as far 

 south as Dorset ? The orthodox teaching of the Geological 

 Survey and the principal textbooks say that they extended 

 no further than the valley of the Thames. This may be 

 true of great glaciers, several hundred feet thick ; but Dr. 

 Colley March has collected abundant evidence of the action 

 of snow and ice in Dorset, and this is now recognised by the 

 members of the Survey. We should further remember that 

 the glaciers would retreat and advance, as a series of epochs 

 would be distinguished by comparative mildness and greater 

 severity of climate ; and then we must use our imagination 

 to help us conceive what life must have been like in those 

 wild times, and how Early Man would find his hunting 

 grounds on the skirts of the glaciers and wander over the 

 lands of frost and thaw and flood. 



THE NEW STONE AGE. 



There does not seem to have been any violent transition 

 from the Old to the New Stone Age, but the latter is 

 comparatively short, lasting about 10,000 years, say, from 

 12,000 to 2,000 B.C. The principal race of men whom we 

 can now distinguish are allied to those of the Cromagnon 

 type, and, like them, they are long-headed. This, at least, is 

 true of the skulls found in Dorset, Wilts, and Gloucestershire. 

 But in North Wales another race of men, round-headed, 

 seem to have lived contemporaneously. Neolithic men 

 are not artistic, and have left no pictures. On the other 

 hand, they bury their dead, at any rate their great chieftains, 

 in what are known as Long Barrows, and they sometimes 

 place in the grave valuable tools which afford evidence of 

 their stage of civilization. They make pottery, and keep 



