544 SEC. 13. CHEMISTRY. 



puddled bar over two months of ordinary work, including lighting up and lost 

 heats. This is about one half of the usual consumption of fuel. The iron 

 (refined) used per ton of puddled bar in the same time averaged 20 cwt. 

 2 qrs. 26 Ibs. The heating chamber is surmounted by a boiler, intended still 

 further to utilize the waste heat. This, however, is not essential, and is hardly 

 worth the extra expense. An ordinary iron-cased chimney is preferable. 



2763. Models to illustrate Dr. C. William Siemens' processes 

 for the production of wrought iron from iron .ore, and of cast 

 steel, in large quantities. 



No. 1. Regenerative Gas Rotative Furnace, from which wrought 

 iron is obtained from iron ores mixed with fluxing and carbon- 

 aceous materials by a direct process. The puddled balls thus 

 made may either be shingled and treated for the production of 

 wrought iron, or be transferred to a steel melting furnace for the 

 production of cast steel. 



2. Regenerative G-as Furnace for the production of cast steel 

 in large quantities on the open hearth, from pig iron, puddled 

 blooms, iron or steel scrap, and iron ore. 



2764. Improved Furnace for Fuddling Iron. 



Jeremiah Heady M.I.C.E., Middlesborough. 



2764a. Whitwell's Fire-brick Hot Blast Stove or 



Oven, as specially designed for heating the blast for blast furnaces. 



Thomas Whitwell, Stockton-on-Tees. 



This model, to the scale of 1 inch to 1 foot, represents a stove 22 feet 

 diameter x 28' 6" high, capable of heating 8,000 cubic feet of air per 

 minute to a temperature of 1,400-1,450 Fah. during 60 consecutive minutes, 

 after which it is again re-heated by the furnace gases, the combustion and 

 absorption being so perfect that the products of combustion pass off to the 

 chimney at a temperature of 250 Fah. only. These stoves are largely 

 adapted to furnaces making Bessemer pig iron direct, also for anthracite fuel, 

 and the various qualities of charcoal iron, Cleveland, spathic, spiegeleisen, &c. 



The stoves are made of different dimensions to suit situation, but cost from 

 350/. upwards, according to size. Four stoves to the scale of the model make 

 500 tons a week of Bessemer iron with 19 cwt. of coke to the ton of iron. 

 There is no loss of pressure by friction or loss of blast by leakage, and they 

 require only two-thirds the quantity of gas that the ordinary cast-iron pipe 

 system demands. 



2764b. A Set of Drawings of two Blast Furnaces, 



erected at Middlesborongh by Messrs. B. Samuelson and Co., 

 together with the requisite heating stoves, kilns for calcining 

 ironstone, blowing engines, &c. &c. 



Bernhard Samuelson, M.P., Middlesborough. 



The peculiarity is in the large dimensions of the blast furnaces (height 

 from bottom of hearth to charging plate, 85 feet ; diameter of box, 28 feet), 

 resulting in a great economy of fuel ; so that after they have been in blast 

 nearly six years the quantity of coke required to produce a ton of No. 1 and 3 

 foundry pig iron is on the average less than 22 cwt. 



