792 SEC. 18. BIOLOGY. 



HI. WEIGHING AND MEASURING APPARATUS. 



3722. Craniometer, by which measurements of crania may be 

 taken rapidly and accurately. 



Professor Strut hers, Aberdeen University. 



It is essentially a glass box, the panes accurately ruled and fitted into a 

 carefully made brass frame. Sides 9 inches square ; ends, bottom, and top, 

 9 inches by 7 inches. Bottom of strong plate glass. Top lifts out. Panes 

 ruled both -ways at distances of an inch. Middle division of each pane is 

 halved by a median line, which is cross-marked at each inch. Skull 

 placed so that middle line corresponds to middle line of panes. By looking 

 through panes, and getting eye on corresponding lines of opposite pane, 

 accurate measurements may be easily and rapidly read off of top, sides, front 

 and back, or of interior of base. For outside of base, cranium is turned 

 over and steadied. The cranium contained in the craniometer is a well- 

 marked specimen of the scapho-cephalic form, with the usual early oblitera- 

 tion of the inter-parietal suture. The instrument was made for Professor 

 Struthers by Mr. P. Stevenson, philosophical instrument maker, Edinburgh. 

 An account of this craniometer was given by Professor Struthers in the 

 Edinburgh Medical Journal, 1863. 



3722a. Craniometer, an instrument for taking measurements 

 of the human cranium. Geo. Busk. 



The instrument is constructed on the principle of the common shoemakers' 

 gauge, and consists of a straight stem about 12 inches long, having an arm 

 jointed to it at one end, which can be erected so as to stand at a right angle, 

 and a second arm which can be slid up and down the stem, and is also capable 

 of being erected to a right angle, so as to stand exactly parallel with the 

 former. The stem and arms are graduated on one side in inches and tenths, 

 and on the other in centimeters and millimeters. The graduation of the stem, 

 begins at the fixed arm, and that on the arms from the stem. In order to 

 render the instrument capable of taking radial measurements, a conical peg 

 can be slipped upon each of the arms, the points of which are inserted into 

 each external auditory foramen. The radial distance from the centre of the 

 foramen can be thus measured to any point on the periphery of the skull in 

 the mesial plane, the distance being read off on the short arms. 



8727. Dr. F. W. Spengel's Craniometer. 



A. Wichmann, Hamburg. 



An account of the fixing of the skull, as well as the use of the apparatus, is 

 given in the accompanying " Correspondenz-Blatt der deutschen Gesellschaft 

 fur Antropologie, Ethnologic und Urgeschichte. 



3728. Virchow's Portable Craniometer. 



A. WicJimanii) Hamburg. 



3729. Virchow's Tactile Compasses (^Esthesiometer). 



A. Wiclimann, Hamburg. 



3730. Virchow's Scale. A. Wickmann, Hamburg. 



3731. Kephalograph or Craniometer, to determine the 

 shape and dimensions of the human skull. 



Dr. P. Harting, Professor at the University of Utrecht. 



This instrument, which is intended to determine the shape and dimensions of 

 the human skull, consists of three principal parts or distinct instruments. 



