APPENDIX. 933 



This year began on the 21st of November of 1066, and ended on the 10th 

 of the same month of 1067. The famous astronomer Ararquiel, called by 

 Guillermo Anglicus, Pater Isaac, lived at Toledo at this period, and this 

 instrument may have been made under his directions. It contains five plates 

 giving the latitudes. The translations of the inscriptions will be found in the 

 interesting study on astrolabes, published by Dr. Eduardo Saavedra in the 

 "Museo Espanol de Antiguedades," V. VI., pp. 402-414. It is worthy of 

 notice that European numbers are to be met with on several of the plates, 

 which would make it appear probable that the instrument had been used by 

 some Christian astronomer not knowing Arabic. The number of towns men- 

 tioned, ranging from Persia to the coast of Movono, and several Spanish 

 towns, is much more extensive than on similar instruments of the kind. 



1757d. Bronze Arabian Astrolabe. Diameter, 0- 21. 



Archaeological Museum^ Madrid. 



Astrolabe without name of maker, date, or locality ; but it may be surmised 

 from the Arabic inscriptions on it that this instrument was made at Morocco, 

 in 1774. 



1757e. Memoir written by Don Eduardo Saavedra upon 

 several Arabic astrolabes existing in Spain, published in the 

 " Museo Espanol de Antiguedades." 



Archceological Museum, Madrid. 



1757f. Bronze Astrolabe, without date or maker's name, 

 and was probably made in Italy in the 16th century. 



Ministry of Marine, Madrid. 



1762a. Description of Revolving Fuddling Furnace. 



Thomas Russell Crampton. 



The peculiarity of this revolving puddling furnace is that one chamber 

 forms the gas producing, combustion, and working chamber, no separate fire- 

 place, fire-bricks, or fire-bars being employed. The heat being produced 

 without smoke by the automatic injection of powdered fuel and air into 

 the chamber. The whole furnace is protected by water circulating between a 

 double casing. 



Puddle balls of wrought iron up to 30 cwt. can be produced in one mass 

 without fatigue to the men ; the puddling being effected by revolving the 

 furnace mechanically. 



1775a. Arabic Quadrant in bronze, made by Ahmed Ibn 

 Abd el Rahman. Archceological Museum, Madrid. 



Its radius is 0'21 m . It has an inscription in Ensic letters of the latter end 

 of the middle ages giving the name of the maker. 



1849a. Piaster Cast of a Sun-dial. The original is made 

 of stone and is preserved at the Archaeological Museum at Madrid. 



Archceological Museum, Madrid. 



This was found with a number of other objects at Yecla, in the province of 

 Alicante, Spain. At the upper part there probably was formerly an iron 

 limb to mark the hours, on the Roman system of dividing them in couples. 

 In order to use it the dial was placed in the shade, facing the north. A small 



