viii CONTENTS 



VIII. FRUITS AND SEEDS 108 



The Fruit Classification and Definitions of Fruits Seed 

 Distribution. 



IX. SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS 117 



Seeds Types of Seeds Germination of Seeds Environ- 

 mental Factors in Seed Germination Utilization of Seeds. 



X. CELL DIVISION 129 



Mitosis Reduction Division. 



XI. PLANT PRODUCTS 133 



Protoplasmic Cell Contents Non-protoplasmic Cell Con- 

 tents: Starch, Inulin, Sugars, Alkaloids, Pigments, Cal- 

 cium Oxalate, Acids, Proteins, Amides, Tannins, Mucil- 

 ages and Gums, Oils and Resins, Fats and Fatty Oils, 

 Enzymes, Cell Wall. 



PART II PHYSIOLOGY 



XII. THE PLANT AS A WORKING MACHINE 149 



The Machine Gases, Liquids and Solids Solutions. 



XIII. THE RELATION OF THE PLANT TO WATER 153 



Water Content Necessity of Water Water as a Food 

 Location with Reference to Water Methods of Absorp- 

 tion Character of the Soil The Rooting Habits of Plants 

 Unavailable Water Water Movements in the Soil 

 Relation of the Root Hairs to Soil and Water Imbibition 

 Osmosis Demonstration of Osmotic Pressure Diffu- 

 sion Osmosis and Diffusion in the Plant The Cell Mem- 

 branes -Chemical Changes Turgor Hydrostatic Ri- 

 gidity PI? smolysis and Wilting Osmosis and Nutrient 

 Salts Sap and Root Pressure The Effects of Plants on 

 the Soil. 



XIV. TRANSPIRATION 170 



Transpiration Demonstration of Transpiration The 

 Plant Mechanism Permitting Transpiration Stomatal 

 Production and Movement Conditions Influencing Tran- 

 spiration Advantages of Transpiration Excessive Tran- 

 spiration Other Water Losses, Guttation, Bleeding, Secre- 

 tion Water Transport Girdling Other Losses. 



