598 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 



and armadillos, whilst there are also an enormous number 

 of Rodentia^ especially of the sub-order Hystricomorpha^ in- 

 cluding the porcupines, squirrels, chinchillas, cavies and 

 agoutis. On the other hand, the Ungulata are very few. 

 A few deer, tapirs, llamas and alpacas, and peccaries 

 representing four families, make the total list. The Carni- 

 vora are fairly represented, though, except for the raccoon 

 family, not by many special types. The jaguar and puma 

 represent the larger cats, whilst there are several of the dog 

 family. There is but one bear and these are no civets 

 nor hyaenas ; a few " weasels," such as the skunk and otter, 

 and several peculiar raccoons, such as the coati and kin- 

 kajou, give a complete general list. The Insectivora and 

 Lemuroidea are entirely absent (save the Solenodontidce of 

 West Indies), but three families of bats are found, of 

 which one, the vampires, is confined to the realm. The 

 Anthropoidea are represented by two families, the mar- 

 mosets and spider-monkeys. 



Such then are the general characters of the realm. 

 Of this large assemblage we may note which are confin- 

 ed to the realm, for upon this largely depends the claim 

 for such an important distinction. Of the Metatheria, 

 the Diprotodontia are elsewhere confined to Notogoea, but 

 the Polyprotodontia are still found in North America. 

 Of the Rodentia^ Neogoea has four peculiar families, 

 forming the majority of the Hystrico7norpha, In the 

 Ungulata^ one family, the peccaries, is peculiar to the 

 realm. In the Carnivora there are no peculiar families 

 but a number of peculiar genera. The vampires are only 

 found in this realm, as also are the marmosets and spider- 

 monkeys. 



It is well to note that the absence of many types is as 

 much a feature of the realm as the presence of others. The 

 most striking of these deficiencies are perhaps the sub-class 

 Prototheria^ the order Insectivora^ the sub-orders Nomarthra 

 and Lemuroidea^ Proboscidea and JTyracoidea, and the im- 

 portant families of Viverridce (civets), Bovidce (oxen, sheep, 

 antelopes), Suidce (pigs), Equidce (horses), Pteropodidce (fox- 

 bats) and Rhinolophidce (horse-shoe bats), Cercopithecidce and 

 Siniiidce (old-world monkeys). 



