BOTANY. 15 



HERBAGE is all the pi ant except the root and fructification. 

 It includes stem, leaves and appendages. 



STEMS. 



1. Tidge. The ascending herbage-bearing trunk or stem 

 of all phenogamous plants, except the grasses, as the 

 trunk of the oak, the grape vine, the mullein stalk. 



2. Culm. The stalk or stem of the grasses, as wheat- 

 straw, sugar-cane, &c. 



3. Scape. That kind of flower-bearing stem which springs 

 immediately from the root, and is destitute of leaves, 

 as dandelion. 



4. Peduncle. The flower-bearing stem which springs 

 from any part of the stem or branches, as apple, cucum- 

 ber, &c. 



5. Petiole. The foot-stalk of the leaf. 



6. Frond. Applied entirely to i ryptogamous plants. It 

 includes the herbaceous, leathery, crustaceous, or ge- 

 latinous substance, from which the fruit is produced. 



7. Stipe. The stem of a fern, of a fungus, of compound 

 egret, and of a pericarp when elevi'Jed from the recep- 

 tacle, as of maiden-hair ; of a mushroom ; of a dande- 

 lion ; and of spurge caper. 



LEAVES are evergreen or deciduous. 

 FOHMS OF SIMPLE LEAVES. 



1. Orbicular. Nearly circular, as the leaves of red clo- 

 ver, of cabbage, &c. 



2. Ovate. Resembling the longitudinal section of an egg. 

 the base being broader than the extremity. One of 

 the most common forms of leaves. 



3. Oval. Differing from ovate in having both ends equal 

 in breadth. 



4. Oblong. The length more than twice the breadth, and 

 the sides somewhat parallel. 



5. Obovate. Ovate with the narrowest end towards the 

 stem, as those of primrose and daisy 



6. Cordate. Heart-shaped, the hind-lobes being rounded, 

 as lilac. 



7. Obcordate. Cordate, with the apex or narrowest end 

 towards the stem. 



