STKUGGLE FOR SUNLIGHT 217 



In dense plantations, plants tend to grow to a single stem. 

 When these same plants are grown in open or cultivated 

 grounds, they often become bushy or develop more than 

 one trunk; In what places have you seen trees with 

 more than one trunk? 



356. On the margins of dense populations, each indi- 

 vidual grows outwards for sunlight. Note the dense 

 forest rim : then plunge through it, and stand by the 

 tall bare trunks. Figs. 365 and 366 show these two 

 views of the same forest. Note the kinds of trees and 

 other plants that grow in areas similar to those depicted 

 in these illustrations. Note the dense wall of foliage in 

 Fig. 367, and the thin brushy area just behind it in Fig. 

 368. Observe the denser and greener foliage on the out- 

 side rows in thick orchards. Consider how the plants 

 extend over the borders in dense flower-beds. Note 

 where the best foliaged plants are in the greenhouse. 

 Notice the foliage on the outer rows in a very thick 

 cornfield. 



REVIEW. Why is there struggle for existence ? How does it 

 affect plants? Tell what it is. How do plants compete, for space? 

 What is meant by the phrase "divergence of character"? Give ex- 

 amples. How do plants compete for food from the soil ? In what 

 respects have plants become adapted to the light relation? How do 

 plants grow in dense plantations? On the margins of these planta- 

 tions? You know some tree or other plant : describe how it has 

 adapted itself to competition with its fellows. 



A dandelion knoll in shade and sun. 



