288 



THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



423. Finus Austriaca. 



P. Austriaca, Hoss. Austrian pine. Fig. 423. Large tree with very 

 rough bark, and long, dark green stiff leaves (about 6 in. long) in 2's : cone 

 about 3 in. long, the scales not prickly. Europe, commonly planted ; a 

 coarser tree than the Scotch pine. 



2. PICEA. SPRUCE. 



Trees of medium or large size, with short, scat- 

 tered leaves : cones maturing the first year, hanging at 

 maturity, their scales thin. 



P. excel sa, Link. Norway spruce. Figs. 270, 271. 

 Becoming a tall tree : cones 5-7 in. long, the large 

 scales very thin-edged. Eur., but the commonest of 

 planted evergreens. Until 25 to 40 years old, the tre-es 

 are symmetrical cone-shaped specimens, holding their 



lower branches. 



_, , T . , ,-,, , _,. 



P. nigfra, Link. Black spruce. Fig. 424. Becom- 



ing a middle-sized tree, with dull, dark foliage : cones 1% in- or less long, 

 usually hanging for several years, the edges of the scales often irregular. 

 Cold woods, as far south as North Carolina in the mountains. 



3. TSfrGA. HEMLOCK SPRUCE. 



Differs from Picea in having flat 

 2-ranked petioled leaves : cones hang- 

 on the end of last year's branches. 



T. Canade-nsis, Carr. Hemlock. m - Picea 



Fig. 425. Large forest tree, with deep-furrowed, dark bark and coarse 

 wood: leaves whitish beneath : cones not an inch long, compact. Common 

 lumber tree. Bark much used in tanning. 



4. LARIX. LARCH. 



Trees of medium size : leaves soft, short, in fascicles or clusters on 

 short branchlets, falling in autumn: cones much like those of Picea, but 



standing erect at maturity. 



L. decidua, Mill. (L. Europcea, 

 DC.). European larch. Leaves 1 

 in. long : cones of many scales, 

 about 1 in. long. Planted for orna- 

 ment and timber. 



L. Americana, Michx. Tama- 

 rack. Hackmatack. Leaves shorter 



and pale in color : cones of few 

 42o. Tsuga Canadensis. , . . . _ 



scales, 72 in. or less long, fewamps. 



5. THtTJA. ARBOR-VIT^E. 



Trees, becoming large: leaves opposite, closely appressed to the branch- 

 lets, the latter frond-like: cones small, oblong or globular, of few scales. 

 Leaves awl-like on new growths and scale-like on the older growths. 



T. occidentalis, Linn. Arbor-vitce. White cedar of some places. Fig. 



