CONIFERS ARACE^E 289 



426. Cones X i n - r less long, bearing 2-winged seeds. Swamps and cold 

 woods, as far south as North Carolina in the mountains. Very commonly 

 planted as a hedge evergreen and as single specimens, but in the wild be- 

 coming very large trees and much used 

 for telegraph poles. 



6. JUNlPEEUS. JUNIPER. 



Small trees or shrubs, with opposite 

 or whorled awl-like leaves (often of two 

 kinds) : fertile catkin of 3-6 fleshy scales 

 which cohere and form a berry-like fruit 

 containing 1-3 hard seeds 42(J occid ; ntalis . 



J. communis, Linn. Common jumper. 

 Shrub, erect or usually spreading and lying close to the ground, with leaves 

 in whorls of 3 and all alike (awl-like): berries large and smooth. Banks 

 and sterile ground. 



J. Virginiana, Linn. Bed cedar. Savin. Small tree or large shrub, 

 usually narrow pyramidal in growth, with leaves of two kinds (scale-like 

 and awl-like, the former small and lying close to the branch) : berry glaucous : 

 heart-wood red and highly scented. Common on banks and in old fields. 



B. PHENOGAMS: ANGIOSPERMS: MONO-COTYLEDONS. 

 III. ARACEJE. ARUM FAMILY. 



Perennial herbs, with rhizomes or corm-like tubers and acrid 

 juice : flowers minute, often diclinous and naked, borne on a spadix 

 and surrounded or attended by a spathe: fruit usually a berry, the 

 entire spadix usually enlarging and bearing the coherent berries in a 

 large head or spike. Many tropical plants, and some of temperate 

 regions, many of them odd and grotesque. Genera about 100; species 

 about 1000. Representative plants are skunk cabbage, jack-in-the- 

 pulpit, calla, caladium, anthurium. Leaves often netted -veined. 



A. Leaves compound 1. Ariscema 



AA. Leaves simple. 



B. Spathe hooded or roofed at the top 2. Symplocarpus 



BB. Spathe open or spreading at the top 3. Richardia 



BBB. Spathe open and spreading for its whole length 4. Calla 



1. ARISJBMA. INDIAN TURNIP. JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT. 



Stem arising from a corm-like tuber, and bearing 1 or 2 compound 

 leaves with sheathing petioles: flowers naked and diclinous, the pistillate 

 at the base of the spadix and the staminate above them, the top of the 

 spadix not flower-bearing: staminate flowers of a few sessile anthers, and 



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