ROSACES SAXIFRAGACE.E 323 



5. ROSA. ROSE. 



More or less thorny erect or climbing shrubs with pinnate wing-petioled 

 leaves, and flowers with 5 calyx-lobes and 5 large rounded petals: pistils 

 many, becoming more or less hairy akenes which are inclosed in a hollow 

 torus (fruit becoming a hip. Fig. 265). Most of the garden roses are too 

 difficult for the beginner: they are much modified by the plant-breeder. 



E. Carolina, Linn. Swamp rose. Tall, often as high as a man, the few 

 spines usually nearly or quite straight: stipules (petiole wings) long and 

 narrow: leaflets 5-9, narrow-oblong and acute, finely serrate: flowers rather 

 large, rose-color. Swamps. 



B. lucida, Ehrh. Usually low, with stout hooked spines : stipules rather 

 broad : leaflets about 7, smooth and mostly shining above : flowers large, 

 rose-color. Moist places. 



B. humilis, Marsh. Three feet or less tall, with straight, slender spines: 

 stipules narrow: foliage usually less shining. Dry soils. 



6. P"$"BUS. PEAR. APPLE. 



Small trees or shrubs with alternate leaves, and flowers in clusters in 

 spring: flowers 5-merous: ovaries usually 5, immersed in the torus, the 

 styles free. 



P. communis, Linn. Pear. Figs. 63, 101, 102, 182, 266. Leaves ovate, 

 firm and shining, smooth, close-toothed: fruit tapering to the pedicel. 

 Europe. 



P. Malus, Linn. Apple. Figs. 67, 267, 268. Leaves ovate, soft, hairy 

 beneath, serrate : fruit hollowed at the base when ripe. Europe. 



XVIII. SAXIFRAGACE^]. SAXIFRAGE FAMILY. 



Herbs or shrubs of various habit, with opposite or alternate 

 leaves that usually do not have stipules : flowers with ovary mostly 

 inferior, 5-merous, the stamens usually 10 or less (in a few cases 

 as many as 40) : pistils 10 or less, either separate or the carpels 

 united, the fruit a follicle, capsule, or berry. A polymorphous family 

 comprising some 600 species in about 75 genera. Comprises saxifrage, 

 mitre -wort, hydrangea, mock orange, currant and gooseberry. 



A. Leaves opposite 1. Philadelphus 



AA. Leaves alternate 2. Ribes 



1. PHILADELPHUS. MOCK ORANGE (from the flowers). SYRINGA. 



Shrubs with showy corymbose or paniculate white flowers and opposite 

 simple leaves: petals 4 or 5: stamens 20 or more: ovary 3-5-loculed, becom- 

 ing a capsule. 



P, coronarius, Linn. Tall shrub with erect branches : leaves oblong- 

 ovate and smooth: flowers cream- white, fragrant, in close clusters, in late 

 spring. Europe. 



