334 THE KINDS OF PLANTS 



aa. Twining. 



L. Japdnica, Thunb. (L. Halliana of gardens). Fig. 495. Weak twiner, 

 with oblong or ovate entire nearly evergreen leaves : flowers small, on short 

 pedicels, fragrant, opening white or blush but changing to yellow. Japan; 

 much cultivated. 



L. Periclymenum, Linn. Probably the commonest of the old-fashioned 

 climbing honeysuckles (from Old World) : strong and woody: leaves oblong- 

 ovate, not joined by their bases, entire, dark green above and pale beneath: 

 flowers large, reddish outside and yellow inside, very fragrant, in a dense, 

 long-stalked cluster. 



2. VIBtJRNUM. ARROWWOOD. 



Erect shrubs, with simple leaves and small whitish flowers in broad 

 cymes : stamens 5 : stigmas 1-3 : fruit a small 1-seeded drupe 



a. Flowers all alike in the cyme. 



V. Lentago, Linn. Black haw. Sheepberry. Fig. 279. Tall shrub 

 (to 20 ft.): leaves ovate-pointed, finely and sharply serrate, shining above, 

 on long margined petioles : fruit % in. or more long, black. Common. 



V. acerfdlium, Linn. Dockmackie. Arrowwood. Six ft. or less: leaves 

 3-lobed and maple-like, downy beneath: cyme small and slender-stalked : 

 fruit flat and small. Woods. 



aa. Flowers larger on the margin of the cyme. 



V. Opulus, Linn. High-bush cranberry. Erect, 10 ft. or less: leaves 3- 

 lobed and toothed : outer flowers sterile and large : fruit an acid red edible 

 drupe. Swamps. In cultivation all the flowers have become sterile, result- 

 ing in the "snowball." Compare Figs. 236, 237. 



V. tomentdsum, Thunb. ( V. plicatum of gardens). Japanese snowball. 

 Leaves not lobed, shallow-toothed, thickish, plicate: heads of sterile flowers 

 axillary, globular. Japan. 



3. SAMBtTCUS. ELDER. 



Strong shrubs, with pinnate leaves and sharp-serrate leaflets : flowers in 

 dense corymbose cymes : calyx -teeth very small or none : corolla shallow, 

 open: stamens 5: stigmas 3: pith prominent in the stems. Common. 



S. racemosa, Linn. Red elder. Pith and berries red: flowers in spring 

 in pyramidal clusters : leaflets lanceolate, downy beneath. 



8. Canad6nsis, Linn. Common elder. White elder. Pith white: berries 

 black-purple, in late summer, edible: flower-clusters convex or nearly flat, 

 in summer: leaflets oblong, smooth. 



XXV. COMPOSITE. COMPOSITE or SUNFLOWER FAMILY. 



Mostly herbs, many of them very large, very various in foliage : 

 flowers small, densely packed into an involucrate head, 5-merous, 

 the corolla of the outer ones often developed into long rays : stamens 



