48 BOTANY 



In many cases the bud is the foreshadowing of the 

 growth of the stem or branch of the next year. It has 

 "been formed by the shoot as its last effort for the year, 

 and its development during the succeeding year will 

 only involve the elongation of the internodes, the 

 assumption of the adult forms of the leaves, and the 

 preparation of the buds for the year following. In 

 other cases it is not so simple. During the growing 

 period more leaves will be produced than the bud in its 

 resting state exhibits, and growth will be prolonged 

 accordingly. But even in these cases as soon as growth 

 in length stops, the development of another terminal 

 bud with its potentialities can be noticed. 



The growth of the shoot thus shows considerable 

 differences from that of the root. In the case of the 

 latter it is not at all easy to say what are the limits of 

 the year's elongation, while in that of the shoot they 

 may be fairly accurately determined. 



When the next growing season sets in, the bud begins 

 to swell owing to the upward pressure of the elongating 

 axis. The outer leaves are loosened and pressed apart, 

 so that the bud bursts open at the apex. When the 

 external leaves are hard scales they are generally cast 

 off entirety, and the internal leaves emerge. The 

 ^elongation of the several internodes rapidly follows and 

 the shoot takes on its proper form. 



As this change proceeds certain other facts can be 

 determined. The external scales have no buds in their 

 axils, nor do all the leaves develop into foliage leaves. 

 The external ones, and often some just internal to them, 

 do not change their form, and frequently only persist 

 lor a short time, soon falling away. All these are 

 classed together as bud-scales ; they really represent 

 only the bases of leaves (Fig. 18 C). 



As growth goes on other differences appear. The 

 internodes between the bud-scales do not elongate, so 



