TYPES AND KINDS OF STEMS 47 



cylindrical, but there are numerous branches which are leaf-like. 

 They are known to be branches because they arise in the axils of 

 small scale-like leaves. The asparagus is also an example of a 

 plant in which the stem has taken on the function of leaves, 

 while the latter are rudimentary. 



OR BUD SHOOTS. 



81. Buds are special types of shoots or branches containing 

 the delicate growing point of the stem. This growing point is 

 usually protected by closely overlapping scales, or hairs, or in some 

 cases it lies in a depression. As such they exist in a resting 

 condition through the winter in some climates, or through dry 

 periods in climates where this is the resting period for vegeta- 

 tion. Distinct buds are also usually present at the end of the 

 growing shoot or branch throughout the growing season. The 

 delicate growing point organizes the young leaves which arise 

 near its apex, and the stem tissues which are left behind. The 

 growing point in these buds is protected by the overlapping young 

 leaves, sometimes provided with numerous hairs, and sometimes in 

 addition by a waxy or resinous or gummy substance. As to their 

 means for protection buds are of two kinds, covered and naked. 

 The covered buds have a coating of imbricated or overlapping 

 scales, while buds protected by cork or hairs are said to be naked. 



82. As to their position buds are axillary when they arise 

 as usual in the axil of a leaf; terminal when they are formed at 

 the apex of a shoot or branch; accessory when there are more 

 than one at a given point, one above the other in the axil of a 

 leaf; adventitious when they arise at other points on the stem 

 than in the axils of the leaves or apex of shoots, i.e., at any 

 point on the stem or root or leaf. 



83. Protection of buds. Since in our climate the trees and 

 shrubs form the buds towards the end of the growing season, the 

 winter is the resting period and this is the period through which 

 the delicate growing point of the shoot needs protection in the bud. 

 The covering of buds by the closely overlapping scales, and by 

 the woolly or hair-like covering of the inner scales of many buds, 



