66 GROWTH AND WORK OF PLANTS 



the leaf scar is a minute scar, the stipule scar, which marks the 

 location of small delicate outgrowths (the stipules) at the base of 

 the leaf stalk, which fall away soon after the opening of the leaves 

 in the spring. The larger bud at the end of the stem is situated 

 in the axil of a leaf scar. It is, therefore, an axillary terminal bud. 

 Close to it and on the opposite side from its leaf scar is a small scar, 

 which marks the point where the true terminal bud was seated 

 and which has fallen away. The shoot of the elm has therefore 

 indefinite growth. In the spring, when the new shoots develop, 

 the axillary terminal bud and the bud next below but on the oppo- 

 site side of the shoot, develop with nearly equal vigor, and thus 

 diverge, producing a fork. The result of this is the diffuse or 

 deliquescent stem of the elm (see types of stems, paragraph 64). 



109. Shoots of the butternut. The terminal young shoots 

 of the butternut are of a dull brownish green color, while the older 

 shoots are a darker brown. The surface is dotted with minute 

 gray or whitish points, the lenticels. The terminal shoot can be 

 determined by the prominent apical bud, which is long, conical 

 and slightly curved. On vigorous shoots the annual growth can 

 be determined by the presence of a band of small rings which 

 mark the scale scars of the previous year's bud. The leaf scars on 

 the shoot are very peculiar in form; they are somewhat triangular 

 in outline. Upon the gray face of the scar are several dark marks, 

 a V-shaped mark below, and a small round dot at each upper 

 angle, giving to the scar the grotesque appearance of the face of 

 some animal. These marks are the scars of the nbro-vascular 

 bundles which extended into the leaf. Directly above each leaf 

 scar is a bud. This is the bud which was formed in the axil of 

 the leaf. Often above this is another bud, a supernumerary, or 

 accessory, bud. The position of the scars shows that the leaf 

 arrangement is alternate and spiral, for a string passed around 

 the stem and passing over each leaf scar would extend in a spiral. 

 The bud scales occupy similar positions but they are very much 

 crowded. 



110. Shoots of the peach. The shoots of the peach tree have 

 a shiny, smooth surface, which is usually reddish or reddish green 



