196 



GROWTH AND WORK OF PLANTS 





Fig. 1 60. 

 Section of squash fruit. 



apple, is instructive when used in 

 comparison. The rose-fruit is 

 called a " hip." 



329. Thepepo. The fruit cf 

 the squash, pumpkin, cucumber, 

 etc., is called a pepo. The outer 

 part of the fruit is the receptacle, 

 which is consolidated with the 

 outer part of the three-loculed 

 ovary. The calyx, which, with the 

 corolla and stamens, is attached 

 to the upper part cf the ovary, 

 falls off from the young fruit. 



VI. FRUITS OF GYMNOSPERMS. 



330. The fruits of the gymnosperms differ from nearly all cf 

 the angiosperms in that the seed formed from the ripened ovule 

 is naked from the first, i.e., the ovary, or carpel, does not enclose 

 the seed. 



331. The cone-fruit is the most prominent fruit of the gymno- 

 sperms, as can be seen in the cones of various species of pine, 

 spruce, balsam, etc. 



332. Fleshy fruits of the gymnosperms. Seme cf the 

 fleshy fruits resemble the stone-fruits and berries of the angio- 

 sperms. The cedar " berries," for exampl^^'e fleshy and contain 

 several seeds. But the fleshy part of the fruit is formed, not 

 from pericarp, since there is no pericarp, but from the outer por- 

 tion of the ovule, while the inner portion of the ovule forms the 

 hard stone surrounding the endosperm and embryo. An exami- 

 nation of the pistillate flower of the cedar (juniper) shows usually 

 three flask-shaped ovules on the end of a fertile shoot subtended 

 by as many bracts. The young ovules are free, but as they grow 

 they coalesce, and the outer walls become fleshy, forming a 

 berry-like fruit with a three-rayed crevice at the apex marking 

 the number of ovules. The red fleshy fruit of the yew (Taxus) 



