418 GENERAL MORPHOLOGY OF PLANTS 



vation by the Indians. From here it was introduced into Europe, 

 and now is extensively cultivated in the warmer parts of the 

 world. The best grades are grown in Cuba, but fine tobacco is 

 also grown in the other West Indies, in Florida, the Philippines, 

 Borneo, Ceylon, etc. In the United States it is extensively cul- 

 tivated in Florida, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Ken- 

 tucky, Virginia, North Carolina, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana, Mis- 

 souri, and some other states. The leaves of the tobacco are used, 

 being cured by drying. 



592. Order Rubiales, the madders. There are three families 

 in this order. The madder family (Rubiaceae) includes the bluets 

 (Houstonia, paragraph 292), the button bush (Cephalanthus), 

 the partridge berry (Mitchella), the bed straws (Galium), etc., in 

 this country; and several important cultivated plants in tropical 

 countries. The coffee plant (C off em arabica), as its technical 

 name suggests, is a native of Arabia, but is now cultivated in 

 many other tropical countries where there is a high temperature 

 throughout the year. Brazil now leads all other countries in its 

 production. Other countries where it is extensively grown are 

 Mexico, Central America, Java, Sumatra, India, Ceylon, Arabia, 

 Hawaiian Islands, West Indies, etc. It has been in use in 

 Arabia for over 500 years. The " beans " which are used for 

 making the beverage are seeds. It is said that nearly half the 

 coffee produced is consumed in the United States. Quinine is 

 obtained from the bark (Peruvian bark) of trees in the genus 

 Cinchonia, which grow in South America chiefly along the eastern 

 slopes of the v estern range of mountains. The trees are cultivated 

 extensively in Java, British India, Ceylon, Japan and Jamaica. 



593. The honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceac) includes the elder (Sam- 

 hucus), the arrowwoods and cranberry trees (Viburnum}, the honeysuckles 

 (Lonicera), etc. 



594. Order Valerianales with two families includes the teasel family 

 (Dipsacacea;). Example, Fuller's teasel (Dipsacus). 



595. Order Campanulales, the gourds and composites. 



There are several families in this order. The most important 

 one from an economic standpoint is the gourd family (Cucurbi- 



