4 8 4 



INDEX 



Fibro- vascular bundles, 31, 42, 52- 

 60, 64, 66, 332. 



Fibrous roots, 27. 



Ficus carica, 179, 180, 406. 



Fig, 406; pollination of, 179-181. 



Filamentous green algae, 221-226. 



Filicineae, 210, 327. 



Fissidens, 312. 



Fission fungi, 136, 245. 



Fittonia, 81. 



Flax, 410. 



Flax family, 410. 



Fleshy fruit, 192, 408. 



Fleshy roots, 29. 



Floral shoot, 39, 140-166. 



Floret, 153. 



Flower, complete, 144; perfect, 144; 

 polypetalous, 144; receptacle of, 

 144. 



Flower, evolution of, 376; dimor- 

 phism of, 376; structure, 377; 

 members of, 379, 380. 



Flower head, 153. 



Flower, members of, 141, 142, 380. 



Flower, parts of, 141, 142. 



Flower, primitive, 375." 



Flower shoot, 140-166. 



Flowers, structure and kinds, 140-166. 



Foliaceous lichen, 271. 



Foliage shoot, 39. 



Foliose liverworts, 311. 



Foot, of fern embryo, 337, 338. 



Forest, kinds of, 440; structure, 441; 

 longevity, 442; relation to rain- 

 fall, 442; to floods, 444; regener- 

 ation of, 444; protection of. 446. 



Forest societies, 440. 



Franklinia altamaha, 415. 



Fraxineus, 416. 



Freezing, effects of on plants, 48, 62, 



63, 423- 

 Fruit, 187-197. 

 Fruit case, 242. 

 Fruit sugar, 18. 



Fruiting spike of horsetail, 344, 345. 

 Frullania, 312. 

 Frustule, 234, 235. 

 Fruticose lichens, 271. 

 Fucus, 236, 237. 

 Funaria hygrometrica, 320. 

 Fungi, characters, 246. 

 Fungi, classes of, 247, 298. 

 Fungi, respiration of, 112. 

 Fungi, theories of evolution of, 302. 



Gametangium, 217, 251. 



Gamete, 217-219, 230, 251, 324. 



Gamete bearer, 308. 



Gamete plant, 324, 328, 345. 



Gamete plant of pine, 361, 365. 



Gamete plants of Selaginella, 349. 



Gametophore, 308, 312. 



Gametophyte, 219, 224, 324, 325, 

 328, 380-384. 



Gamopetalous, 149, 157. 



Gamosepalous, 149, 157. 



Garden sage, pollination of, 177. 



Gaultheria procumbens, 415. 



Gaylussacia resinosa, 415. 



Gelatinous lichens, 273. 



Gemmae, 307. 



Geotropism, 22. 



Germ diseases, 136-139. 



Geum, 203, 264. 



Gill fungi, 292. 



Ginger beer plant, 270. 



Gihgko, 197, 371. 



Gladiolus, 165, 166. 



Gleditsia, 410. 



Glceocapsa, 232. 



Glucose, 1 8, 466. 



Glume, 159, 162. 



Golden rod, 419. 



Gonidia, of fungi, 247. 



Goober, 410. 



Gordonia lasianthus, 415. 



Gordonia pubescens, 415. 



Gossypium barbadense, 414. 



Gossypium herbaceum, 414. 



Gourd family, 418. 



Gourds, 418. 



Gracillaria, 242, 243. 



Grains, 393. 



Gramineae, 392. 



Grape fruit, 412. 



Grape mildew, 256. 



Grape sugar, 18, 19. 



Grass family, 392. 



Green felts, 226-228. 



Ground covers, 422. 



Ground nut, 410. 



Guard cells, of stomates, 83-86. 



Gymnospermse, 210, 357. 



Gymnosperms, 207, 357, 374. 



Gymnosperms, fruits of, 196, 364, 



369, 3?i. 



Gymnosperms, primitive, 355. 

 Gymnosperms, review of, 371. 

 Gymnosporangium, 287-289. 



