12 INTRODUCTION INTO EUROPE. 



of Thevenot from the East. One account states that it 

 was first offered for sale there by a Jew named Jacobs 

 at Oxford, as early as 1640. And according to the jour- 

 nal of Thomas Rugg, dated September 22, 1651, coffee 

 was then sold in a liquid state at the " Sultaness Head, a 

 Cophee house by the Royal Exchange, London," there 

 being also distinct evidence extant that for some years 

 prior to that date it was also offered for sale in many other 

 parts of that city. /'The first authentic account, however, 

 states that Coffee was first introduced into England by a 

 Turkey merchant named Daniel Edwards, who, on his 

 return from a trip to Smyrna, brought back with him a 

 quantity of it, and with it a Greek servant from Ragusa, 

 named Pasquale Rossie, who understood the Eastern 

 method of roasting and preparing it. Edwards had it 

 prepared and served every day to his friends and visitors 

 in true Oriental style, but finding that the novelty began 

 to attract too many visitors, his house being thronged 

 daily by those anxious to taste the new beverage, he estab- 

 lished Rossie, in company with another named Bowman, 

 in a tent for its sale in St. Michael's Alley, Cornhill, Lon- 

 don, over which Rossie erected a sign with his own por- 

 trait, and subsequently announcing himself to be " the 

 first person who made and publicly sold Coffee drink in 

 England." Bowman, later, opened a coffee-house on his 

 own account on Lombard street, his former partner, 

 Rossie, going to Holland, where, it is said, he was the first 

 to introduce coffee in the drink. At this time coffee sold 

 for from twenty to twenty-five dollars per pound, but 

 soon became cheaper. 



In 1657 many other houses were opened in London for 

 the sale of coffee, an excise tax of eight pence per gallon 

 being paid on it, when made and sold in the infusion 

 at that time. The same year a newspaper advertisement 



