SUBSTITUTES AND ADULTERANTS. 211 



the presence of an unpleasant senna-like odor militates 

 greatly against its popularity as a regular drink, and there 

 exists also the difficulty that of depriving the tree of its 

 foliage damages the crop of berries and injures the tree 

 itself. On berry-producing trees therefore only the 

 leaves obtained in the ordinary pruning operations would 

 be available, and these would seem to yield so small a 

 supply as not to be worth the cost of collection, while 

 growing the shrubs for the leaves alone would be a very 

 questionable undertaking. Yet there appears to be no 

 valid reason why in the 1 event of the berry crop failing a 

 portion at least of the leaves might not be gathered and 

 prepared in the form of coffee if any means can be 

 invented for removing the objectionable odor. 



Whey Coffee Another very novel substitute for 

 coffee is prepared of whey from milk, which is evaporated 

 down in open vessels or vacuum pans until most of the 

 water is driven off and a thick paste remains. During the 

 process the whey is kept constantly stirred, the stirring 

 being continued until the pasty mass becomes cold, when it 

 is rolled into cakes and dried at a temperature of boiling 

 water, after which it is broken up and moulded into 

 pieces about the size and form of coffee beans. The 

 next operation is that of roasting, which 'is more prefer- 

 ably performed by first mixing them with an equal quan- 

 tity of raw coffee, the roasting process thus turning the 

 whey-paste beans into a rich brown color, which on cool- 

 ing are ground with another percentage of coffee. The 

 compound yields a pleasant and agreeable beverage and 

 may find some use as a harmless if not really nutritious 

 ingredient in the lower priced coffee preparations. 



In Brazil and other South American countries the fruit 

 of the Wax palm is used extensively as a substitute for 



