Contents. xv 



CHAPTER VI. 



PAGE 



Collecting labourers The labour difficulty Causes of it 

 Coolies of the right sort The Kangany or Maistry 

 The advance system Firmly rooted Causes 

 Losses not so frequent as might be expected Usu- 

 rious Kanganies Contract labour In Ceylon 

 In S. India Malabar contractors Hill-men 

 Ceylon labour Ordinance Canarese coolies Jungle 

 tribes, alias "Locals" Contracts Imported labour 

 Tamil labour in Ceylon Labour-field for Wynaad 

 The climate a difficulty Author's experience in 

 1860 Engagements should be legally binding 

 Written agreements Coolie agents Food supply . 64 



CHAPTER VII. 



Tools and implements Best quality desirable The ' 

 mammotie The bill-hook The axe i IIL crowbar 

 The quintannie The reaping-hook Erection of 

 coolie lines Bungalow The bamboo Jungle 

 materials 85 



CHAPTER VIII. 



Young plants Stumping The nursery Seeds Seed- 

 beds Germination Manure for seed-beds Water- 

 ingDistance apart Size of beds The paddy-field 

 bed Irrigation Old plants Shade Soil . . 93 



CHAPTER IX. 



The clearing Mode of felling forest Bamboos Their 

 uses Felling bamboos Lopping Burning The 

 burn Clearing Pitting before clearing Leeches . 99 



