CHAPTER XII. 



Road-making Recapitulation of works discussed Time for 

 road-making Advantages of good roads Cart-road 

 Subordinate roads Frequency required The road 

 tracer Marking out The advance gang Cost of es- 

 tate roads Blasting rocks Method described. 



WE have now described all the primary operations 

 in the formation of a coffee estate, and have at 

 length arrived at the point where it becomes neces- 

 sary to consider the various processes by which it 

 may be kept in a state of efficient cultivation. This 

 we shall do, as far as possible, in the order in which 

 they would in all probability force themselves upon 

 the attention of the planter. 



It may be well, however, first to recapitulate 

 briefly the works already treated of in their due 

 order. 



First, we have had a description of felling and 

 clearing; next of building coolie lines and tempo- 

 rary bungalow, and of making the nursery. The 

 season for beginning operations is October, or the 

 early part of November, while the foregoing should 

 have been finished by the middle of January. 



