Natural Form. 229 



afterwards boughs above them/by pairs or in axillary 

 form and opposite ; these boughs lengthen them- 

 selves in the same manner and proportion ; and, as 

 they grow, they always end as the trunk, in a 

 sharp point, which divides itself into two leaves, 

 which also spread out at a proper distance, and so 

 on. 



"In their turn, secondary branches shoot out, 

 directly above every leaf of the primary ones. These 

 make their growth as the former; and bear tertiary 

 branches if the tree is luxuriant 



" Here a material observation is necessary, as it 

 is in a measure the foundation of the whole system 

 of lopping or pruning. The vertical sapling or 

 trunk has been shown, bearing its boughs or 

 primary branches in opposite pairs ; so that the 

 inferior (or lower) ones exhibit the figure of a cross 

 with the superior (or upper), thus the four branches 

 spread in four different directions ; and this is neces- 

 sary, that the tree may be garnished all round 

 without being embarrassed. Exactly on the same 

 principle of avoiding encumbrance, the arrangement 

 of the secondary and tertiary branches is different. 

 They are all placed by pairs on both sides of the 

 mother branches, so that all spread out horizontally 

 and with a direction in some measure towards the 

 circumference. If any should grow upward or 

 downward, they would become intricate, and the tree 



