TAXACEAE. CEPHALOTAXUS DRUPACEA 7 



ed. 2, 112 (1900). Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop. XIX. 136 (Consp. Fl. Kor.) 

 (1901). Pilger in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV.-5, 100, fig. 19, 20 (Taxaceae) (1903). 

 Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 1, 6 (1905). Hemsley in Bot. Mag. CXXXV. 

 t. 8285 (1903}. Hayata, Veget. Mt. Fuji, 46 (1911). Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. 

 Brit. & Irel. VI. 1469 (1912). Render & Wilson in Sargent, PI. Wilson. II. 3 

 (1914). Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. I. 330, fig. (1914). 



Taxus coriacea Hort. ex Knight & Perry, Syn. Conif. 51 (as a synonym) (1850?). 

 Cephalotaxus coriacea Hort. ex Knight & Perry 1. c. (as a synonym) (1850?). 

 Podocarpus drupacea Hort. ex Knight & Perry 1. c. (as a synonym) (1850?). 

 Podocarpus coriacea Hort. ex Knight & Perry 1. c. (as a synonym) (1850?). 

 Cephalotaxus Fortunei foemina Hort. apud Carriere, TraitS Conif. 509 (1855). 

 Taxus Japonica Hooker ex Gordon, Pinet. suppl. 21 (as a synonym) (1862). 

 Cephalotaxus foemina Hort. ex Carriere, TraitS Conif. ed. 2, 720 (as a synonym) 

 (1867). 



This is the only species of Cephalotaxus indigenous in Japan, where as a bush 

 or low bushy tree it is more or less common in woods and thickets from Satsuma 

 province northward through Kyushu, Shikoku, and Hondo to Hokkaido, where it is 

 a common undergrowth in forests of Abies sachalinensis Mast, at Nopporo in Ishi- 

 kari province beyond Sapporo. It has also been reported from the mainland 

 of Korea and from Hupeh province in central China. In the forests at Nopporo 

 and elsewhere in the colder parts of Japan it is a shrub from 1 to 2.5 m. tall and of 

 no particular shape, but in the milder regions it is usually a small tree. At Gotemba, 

 in Suruga province, on the lower slopes of Fuji-san between 600 and 800 m. in open 

 moorland, it is common as a bushy tree from 5 to 8 m. tall with a trunk from 0.75 

 to 1 m. in girth. The largest trees I saw grow in the rich forests at the foot of 

 Higashi-Kirishima, near Araso in Usumi province, Kyushu, where Podocarpus 

 macrophyllus D. Don also grows wild. In these forests I saw many trees from 8 to 

 10 m. tall with trunks from 1 to 1.3 m. in girth and wide-spreading branches form- 

 ing broad rounded crowns. 1 Such trees, with their dark-green leaves pale or 

 glaucescent on the under side, are very beautiful. The bark is gray and fissured 

 into narrow strips which are easily detached. The leaves are from 2 to 4.5 cm. long, 

 straight or slightly curved, abruptly contracted to a mucronate apex and pecti- 

 nately arranged; on flat lateral branches they are strictly in one plane or slightly 

 irregular, on ascending branches the arrangement is more or less irregular and they 

 are ascending-spreading. The fruit is obovoid to ellipsoid, from 1.6 to 2.5 cm. long, 

 purplish in color, and ripens the second year. It is rich in oil, which is or was 

 formerly expressed and used as an illuminant. The wood is whitish brown, firm 

 and straight-grained and is employed for making small household utensils. This 

 Cephalotaxus has several Japanese names, but in Hondo and southward it is usu- 

 ally called the Inu-gaya or Abura-gaya and in Hokkaido by the Ainu name of 

 Anatni. 



Cephalotaxus drupacea was introduced into cultivation in the Botanic Garden at 

 Ghent, by von Siebold in 1830. It is scarcely hardy in this country as far north 

 as Boston, Massachusetts, although in this Arboretum it is growing well in a 

 moist shady place. At Wodenethe in Beacon on the Hudson River, New York, 

 there are fine plants of this Cephalotaxus. In Japan I secured seeds from its 



1 Mayr (Fremdl. Wald- u. Parkb. 209 [1900]) says that in the warmer parts of Japan it grows 

 20 m. tall. I neither saw nor heard of such large trees and suspect that he confused it with Torreya 

 nucifera S. & Z. 



