TAXACEAE. TORREYA NUCIFERA 9 



Ghent by von Siebold in 1830. As a wild plant it is unknown and appears to be a 

 seminal variant analogous to the Irish Yew (Taxus baccata, f. fastigiata Loud.). 

 It is commonly cultivated in the warmer parts of this country, but is not hardy 

 in eastern Massachusetts. 



TORREYA Arn. 



A genus of Yew-like trees of which four species are known, two in North America 

 and two in eastern Asia. Of the American species one (T. taxifolia Arn.) grows 

 in western Florida, the other (T. calif arnica Torr.) in California. One of the 

 Asiatic species (T. grandis Fort.) is widely distributed and endemic in China 

 and the other is common in Japan, but does not reach the mainland. 



TORREYA NUCIFERA S. & Z. 



Plates III and IV 



Torreya nucifeba Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Miinch. IV. pt. 3, 232 (Fl. 

 Jap. Fam. Nat. 108) (1846). Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 240 (1847). Miquel in 

 Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 169 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 333 (1867); in Siebold & Zuc- 

 carini, Fl. Jap. II. 64, t. 129 (1870). Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 

 473 (1875). Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 500 (1881). Shirasawa, Icon. 

 Ess. For. Jap. 1. 32, 1. 15, fig. 19-34 (1900). Kent in Veitch, Man. Conif. ed. 2, 119 

 (1900). F. W. Oliver in Ann. Bot. XVII. 468 (1903). Pilger in Engler, Pflan- 

 zenr. IV.-5, 105, fig. 21 (Taxaceae) (1903). Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 1, 

 19 (1905). Hayata, Veget. Mt. Fuji, 46 (1911). Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. 

 & Irel. VI. 1463 (1912). Silva Tarouca, Uns. Freiland-N adelh. 132, fig. 130 (1913). 

 Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 558 (1914). 



Taxus nucifera Linnaeus, Spec. 1040 (1753). Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 275 (1784). 

 Gaertner, Fruct. II. 66, t. 91 (1791). Richard, Coram. Bot. Conif. 21, t. 2 (1826). 



Podocarpus nucifera Persoon apud Loudon, Arb. Brit. IV. 2100 (1838). 



Caryotaxus nucifera Zuccarini ex Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 241 (as a synonym) (1847). 



Fa'tataxus nucifera Nelson, Pinac. 168 (1866). 



Tumion nuciferum Greene in Pittonia, II. 194 (1891). Sargent, Forest Fl. Jap. 76 

 (1894); Silva N. Am. X. 56 (1896). 



I met with this Torreya, or Kaya as the Japanese call it, as a scattered tree 

 growing among broad-leaved and coniferous trees in nearly every wood and forest 

 visited from Yaku-shima, in the extreme south of Kyushu, to the latitude of Tokyo, 

 in central Hondo. But in one place only is it common, and that is on Takao-san, 

 a hill some 500 m. high, about 27 miles southwest of Tokyo and in Musashi province. 

 Here it is remarkably plentiful and is associated with Abies firma S. & Z., on steep 

 slopes composed of shale rocks. I have a specimen collected at Sendai, in Rikuzen 

 province, and Matsumura records it from Hirosaki, in Mutsu, the most northern 

 province of Hondo, but I did not see it wild north of Musashi province, not even 

 in the Nikko region, and strongly suspect that the trees in northern Hondo are 

 cultivated and not wild. Outside of Japan it is known with certainty to be wild 

 only on Quelpaert Island, where it has been collected by Taquet. On the main- 

 land of Korea, Nakai thinks that it is cultivated and escaped. 



On Yaku-shima I measured a tree 16 m. tall with a trunk 2.3 m. in girth; on 

 Takao-san the trees average from 16 to 20 m. tall and from 1.3 to 2 m. in girth. 



