PINACEAE. PINUS DENSIFLORA 25 



Pinus parvifolia was first noticed by Thunberg, who saw it near Tokyo. It 

 was introduced into Great Britain in 1861 by John Gould Veitch, and the older 

 plants in this country came from Veitch's stock. 



PINUS DENSIFLORA S. & Z. 



Plate XI 



Pintjs densiflora Siebold & Zuccarini, FL Jap. II. 22, t. 112 (1842). End- 

 licher, Syn. Conif. 172 (1847). Murray in Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. II. 286, fig. 

 41-51 (1862); Pines & Firs Jap. 32, fig. 55-68 (1863). Miquel in Ann. Mus. 

 Lugd.-Bat. III. 165 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 329 (1867). Franchet & Savatier, 

 Enum. PI. Jap. I. 464 (1875). Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 503 (1881). 

 Mayr, Monog. Abiet. Jap. 72, t. 5, fig. 17 (1890). Sargent, Forest Fl. Jap. 79 

 (1894). Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 10, t. 1, fig. 1-14 (1900). Kent in 

 Veitch, Man. Conif. ed. 2, 326, fig. 92 (1900). Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. 

 pt. 1, 13 (1905). Miyoshi, Atlas Jap. Veget. pt. VII. 2, t. 47 (1907). Beissner, 

 Handb. Nadelh. ed. 2, 437 (1909). Clinton-Baker, III. Conif. I. 18, t. (1909). 

 Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. V. 1125 (1909). Hayata, Veget. Mt. Fuji, 

 46 (1911). Shaw, Gen. Pinus, 52, t. 20, fig. 179-181 (1914). 



Pinus sylvestris Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 274 (in part, not Linnaeus) (1784). 



Pinus sylvestris, b. rubra ? Siebold in Verh. Batav. Genoot. XII. pt. 1, 12 (Syn. PI. 



Oecon. Jap.) (name only) (1830). 

 Pinus scopifera Miquel in Zollinger, Syst. Verz. Ind. Arch. II. 82 (1854). 

 Pinus Pinea Gordon, Pinet. 179 (as to the synonym P. densiflora, not Linnaeus) 



(1858). 

 Pinus Massoniana Hort. ex Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 503 (as a synonym, 



not Lambert) (1881). 



The Japanese Red Pine, or Aka-matsu, is very widely distributed in Kyushu, 

 Shikoku and through Hondo to the northern province of Mutsu and has an alti- 

 tudinal range from sea-level to 1600 m. It will grow on the poorest of soils and has 

 been much planted in many parts of Japan. I was told by Japanese that this 

 Pine was not indigenous in Hokkaido, but between Oshamambe and Mena on the 

 main line from Hakodate to Otaru I saw from the railway-carriage window occa- 

 sional trees which looked to me spontaneous. This species is not known to grow 

 wild on the mainland of northeastern Asia, though there is a possibility that it 

 occurs in Korea. 



I first met with this Pine as a wild tree in the forests at the base of Higashi- 

 Kirishima in Osumi province, Kyushu, growing with Abies firma S. & Z., evergreen 

 Oaks, various Lauraceae and other broad-leaved trees. On the same mountain 

 round Miya it forms woods either pure or mixed with P. Thunbergii Pari. On the 

 slopes of Koya-san in Hondo, on the borders of Yamato and Kii provinces the 

 Red Pine is abundant in pure stands or mixed with Tsuga Sieboldii Carr. and 

 Chamaecyparis obtusa S. & Z. It also grows in the valley of the Kisogawa, in 

 the Nikko region and elsewhere in central Hondo; round Lake Towada in Mutsu 

 province it occurs at the water's edge with Pinus parviflora S. & Z. But the finest 

 woods of this Pine I saw are at Yoshida on the northern slopes of Fuji-san in 

 Suruga province. These woods are pure and though not extensive are probably 

 the remains of great forests which once covered what is now wild moorland. As 



