PINACEAE. PICEA KOYAMAI 39 



coarse grasses and shrubs, with small scattered woods of mixed trees. Above 1600 

 m. the moorland gives place to forest, mainly coniferous. On the open, wind-swept 

 moorland, between 1200 and 1600 m. altitude and growing with low bushes of Junip- 

 erus rigida S. & Z., and a scrubby growth of Pinus densiflora S. & Z. I found Picea 

 Maximowiczii to be fairly common as a low bushy tree, pyramidal in outline and 

 very densely branched. It also grows scattered through mixed woods, where trees 

 20 m. tall are met with. However, the only really large trees known are in temple 

 grounds. One tree at Nakashinden I measured was 25 m. tall with a trunk 2 m. in 

 girth. This was the largest specimen I saw, but I was told of trees 40 m. tall with 

 trunks 4 m. in girth, and Shirasawa writes of a specimen in the grounds of the village 

 temple at Kawakami which is 50 m. tall and has a trunk 5 m. in girth. From what 

 I saw and gathered in conversation this Spruce is on the verge of extinction 

 and the large trees that are known are but few in number. Tschonoski's original 

 discovery was made on Fuji-san, but the species has not since been met with on that 

 mountain. 



Adult trees strikingly resemble those of Picea polita Carr., although less mas- 

 sive in appearance and there is no doubt that these species are closely related. 

 This affinity is well expressed by the vernacular name for P. Maximowiczii, which 

 is Hime-bara-momi, i. e. Daughter, or small Bara-momi, which is the vernacular 

 name for P. polita. 



Picea Maximowiczii was discovered by Maximowicz's Japanese collector 

 Tschonoski, who sent seeds to Petrograd in 1865, and these were distributed by 

 Regel to various botanic gardens in Europe. It is quite hardy in this Arboretum, but 

 grows slowly. A specimen in the Hunnewell Pinetum is 5 m. tall. 



PICEA KOYAMAI Shiras. 



Plates XXIII and XXIV 



Picea Koyamai Shirasawa in Tokyo Bot. Mag. XXVII. 127, t. 11, fig. 28- 

 35 (1913); in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. XXIII. 254, fig. 28-35 (1914); in Gard. 

 Chron. ser. 3, LVIII. 98, t. 36, fig. 28-35 (1915). 



This recent and most interesting addition to the Japanese flora is known to grow 

 only on the slopes of Yatsuga-dake, on the borders of Kai and Shinano provinces. 

 On my visit to this mountain I was fortunate to have as a companion Mr. Mitsua 

 Koyama, who discovered this new Spruce in October 1911. The mountain, though 

 not very far from Kaminosuwa on the Kofu-Shiojiri Junction railway, is rather diffi- 

 cult of access as it is situated in the very heart of central Hondo. Only one small 

 grove, which I estimated contained not more than 100 trees, is known of this Spruce. 

 It is growing on a rather steep, rocky slope, facing nearly north between 1700 and 

 1800 m. altitude. The trees are small and the largest I measured was 20 m. tall 

 with a trunk 1.5 m. in girth. Dead stumps of larger trees occur, but apparently it 

 is never a tree of large size. It grows mixed with Larix Kaempferi Sarg. and an 

 undergrowth of miscellaneous broad-leaved shrubs. The bark is gray-brown, 

 scaly, shallowly fissured, and easily peels off in thin, small, papery, more or less 

 oblong flakes, which leave behind brown scars. The branches are dense, horizontally 

 spreading, upturned at the ends, rather slender, only moderately long and form a 

 narrow pyramidal crown. The shoots are of medium stoutness, reddish brown and 

 slightly pruinose, becoming paler and more shining with age and finally pale gray; 

 the main shoots are glabrous or have a few scattered glandular hairs, but the 



