52 CONIFERS AND TAXADS OF JAPAN 



may occur over the whole of the shoot or it may be confined to the furrows between 

 the pulvini, but it is always present. 



As may be expected from its habitat, T. diversifolia is much the hardier of the 

 two Japanese species and in this Arboretum withstands uninjured the severest 

 winters. In Japan it is known as Kome-tsuga or Kuro-tsuga. 



Although first distinguished as a distinct species by Maximowicz, this Hemlock 

 was known to Siebold, who regarded it as a dwarf form of the species which now 

 bears his name. It was introduced into England by John Gould Veitch in 1861, 

 and the plants were afterward distributed under the name of Abies Tsuga, var. 

 nana. 



PSEUDOTSUGA Carr. 



A genus confined to western North America, Japan, Formosa and south- 

 western China, of which five species are now recognized. The two western 

 North America species are the only ones properly known. One of these, P. taxi- 

 folia Britt., the Douglas Fir or Oregon Pine, is one of the most famous and use- 

 ful of all conifers, and is one of the commonest and most widely distributed from 

 latitude 55 southward to northern Mexico. The second species, P. macro- 

 carpa Mayr, has a restricted range in southern California from the Santa Inez 

 Mountains in Santa Barbara County to the Cuyamaca Mountains. Very little is 

 known concerning the Formosan P. Wilsoniana Hayata and the species from Yun- 

 nan, southwestern China. The latter is presumably the P. sinensis Dode (in Bull. 

 Soc. Dendr. France, 1912, 59, fig.) which was founded on fragmentary material. It 

 is probable, however, that the Formosan and Chinese species are identical. The 

 Japanese species is endemic. 



PSEUDOTSUGA JAPONICA Beissn. 



Plates XXXIII and XXXIV 



Pseudotsuga japonica Beissner in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. V. 62 (1896) ; XI. 



53 (1902); XV. 84, 144 (1906) ; Handb. Nadelh. ed. 2, 111 (1909). Sargent, Silva N. 

 Am. XII. 84, note 2 (1898). Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 21, t. 7 (1900). 

 Mayr, Fremdl. Wald- u. Parkb. 406 (1906). Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. 

 IV. 812 (1909). Clinton-Baker, III. Conif. I. 59, t. (1909). Jackson in Gard. 

 Chron. ser. 3, XLV. 307, fig. 132 (1909). Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isl. II. 260 

 (1914). 



Tsuga (Pseudo-tsuga) japonica Shirasawa in Tokyo Bot. Mag. IX. 86, t. 3 (1895). 



Garden & Forest, VIII. 129 (1895). Gard. Chron. ser. 3, XVII. 462 (1895). 

 Tsuga japonica Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 1, 20 (1905). 



To see this conifer I made a special journey in Tosa province, Shikoku, to 

 Nishinokawa, some 40 miles north from the town of Kochi. There, at about 1000 

 m. altitude in government forests, is set aside a preserve of about 16 acres, where 

 this rare and local tree forms fully 10 per cent of the forests in which Tsuga Sie- 

 boldii Carr. is the dominant tree. Other associate trees are Abies firma S. & Z., 

 Chamaecyparis obtusa S. & Z. and Torreya nucifera S. & Z., which is here very rare 

 indeed. The sparse undergrowth is of such evergreens as Thea japonica Nois., 

 Pieris japonica D. Don, Skimmia japonica Thunb., Eurya japonica Thunb. and 

 Osmanthus Aquifolium S. & Z. The forest is dense and has been known to the Jap- 

 anese for over 200 years, but only quite recently has the preserve been made. It 



