64 CONIFERS AND TAXADS OF JAPAN 



efforts to find this variety in northeastern Hokkaido had failed. I secured seeds 

 in 1914 through the forestry officials at Toyohara and many young plants are now 

 growing in this Arboretum. 



Subfam. TAXODIEAE Pari. 

 SCIADOPITYS S. & Z. 



Plates XLVI and XLVII 



Sciadopitys verticillata Siebold & Zuccarini.FZ. Jap. II. 3, 1. 101, 102 (1842). 

 Lindley in Gard. Chron. 1861, 22, 360, fig. Murray in Proc. Hart. Soc. Lond. II. 

 719, fig. 184-196 (1862); Pines & Firs Jap. 109, fig. 202-213, 215 (1863). Car- 

 riere in Rev. Hort. 1868, 150, fig. 16. Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. I. 468 

 (1875). Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 502 (1881); XXVII. 276, 320, fig. 

 26, 27 (1890); XXX. 21 (1893); in Jour. Bot. XXII. 97, fig. 1, 4 (1884). Sar- 

 gent, Forest Fl. Jap. 77 (1894). Shirasawa, Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 22, t. 8, fig. 

 15-35 (1900). Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 1, 17 (1905). Thiselton-Dyer 

 in Bot. Mag. CXXXI. t. 8050 (1905). Mayr, Fremdl. Wald-u. Parkb. 407, fig. 

 136-138 (1906). Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. III. 568, t. 159 (1908). 

 Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. ed. 2, 448, fig. 106-108 (1909). Silva Tarouca, Uns. 

 Freiland-Nadelh. 267, fig. 279 (1913). Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. I si. II. 506, 

 fig. (1914). 



Taxus verticillata Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 276 (1784). 



Pinus verticillata Siebold in Verh. Batav. Genoot. XII. pt. 1, 12 (Syn. PI. Oecon. Jap.) 

 (1830). 



In a wild state this interesting tree is confined principally to the valley of the 

 Kiso-gawa in central, and to Koya-san and its immediate neighborhood in east- 

 central, Hondo. It has also been reported from one or two mountains in Shikoku, 

 but is very rare there and I did not meet with it. Through the Kiso-gawa Valley 

 in the provinces of Mino and Shinano, between 600 and 1000 m., the Sciadopitys is 

 common. Occasionally it forms pure stands of some size, but usually it occurs in 

 small groves and as solitary trees scattered through dense mixed forests of Chamae- 

 cyparis pisifera S. & Z., C. obtusa S. & Z., Pinus parviflora S. & Z., Abies firma 

 S. & Z., Tsuga Sieboldii Carr. and such broad-leaved trees as Aesculus turbinata Bl., 

 Magnolia obovata Thunb., Acanihopanax innovans Fr. & Sav., A. sciadophylloides 

 Fr. & Sav., Cercidiphyllum japonicum S. & Z. and Acer rufinerve S. & Z. In these 

 forests the Sciadopitys is easily recognized from a distance by its narrow plume- 

 like crown, which towers well above those of its neighbors. On Koya-san, situated 

 on the borders of Kii and Yamato provinces and famed for its monasteries, the Um- 

 brella Pine is common and it is from this mountain that the tree gets its Japanese 

 name Koya-maki (the Podocarpus of Mt. Koya). There, between 800 and 1000 m. 

 altitude, it forms pure stands of considerable size, but more usually it is scattered 

 in small groves or as individual trees among Chamaecyparis obtusa S. & Z., Tsuga 

 Sieboldii Carr., Pinus densiflora S. & Z. and Torreya nucifera S. & Z., the Chamae- 

 cyparis being the dominant tree. Usually the slopes where the Sciadopitys grows 

 are so densely wooded that there is no undergrowth except Ferns, Mosses and Liver- 

 worts, although sometimes Skimmia japonica Thunb., Ilex Sugeroki Maxim, and 

 other shade-loving shrubs occur. Seedlings of the Umbrella Pine abound in the forest 

 floor, and it is by this means that the stands and groves of this tree are perpetuated. 



