PINACEAE. JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS 79 



latter, it is decidedly less ornamental and is inclined to become scrawny at an early 

 age. It was introduced into England in 1861 by John Gould Veitch and into this 

 country by Dr. George R. Hall, in 1862. Of the numerous varieties and forms 

 of garden origin var. plumosa Beissner (Handb. Nadelh. 87 (1891), which is a small 

 tree, conical in outline, with plumose branchlets, is very distinct. In the Hunnewell 

 Pinetum there are specimens of this variety 13 m. tall. Another well-marked 

 form is var. squarrosa Beissner and Hochstetter (in Gartenfl. XXIX. 364 (1880). 

 This forms a large bush or bushy tree of irregular outline with very numerous 

 spreading branchlets and bluish white acicular leaves in opposite pairs. In the 

 Hunnewell Pinetum there is a good specimen of this plant fully 13 m. tall. A third 

 form widely known in gardens is var. filifera Hort. (apud Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. 

 90, fig. 23, 24 [1891]), which forms a large bush and has long, slender, pendent 

 whiplike branches and branchlets. There are also yellow-leaved and variegated 

 forms of these varieties and many other more or less abnormal forms in cultivation ; 

 indeed, C. pisifera has been exceptionally prolific in varieties, and numerous forms 

 of this species are grown in many gardens. Some of these are seminal and others 

 vegetative sports and they are perpetuated by cuttings and by grafting. Into 

 Europe the earliest known kinds were introduced in 1861 by John Gould Veitch 

 and into this country in 1862 by Dr. George R. Hall. 



JUNIPERUS L. 



This genus is widely scattered over the Northern Hemisphere from the Arctic 

 Circle to the highlands of Mexico, Lower California and the West Indies in the 

 New World, and to the Azores and Canary Islands, northern Africa, Abyssinia, 

 the mountains of tropical East Africa, the Himalayas, China and Formosa in the 

 Old World. Some 45 species and several well-marked geographical varieties are 

 recognized. One species (J. communis L.) is circumpolar. Seventeen species are 

 indigenous in North America and five species in Japan, of which two are probably 

 endemic. 



KEY TO THE JAPANESE SPECIES 



Leaves always acicular, spreading in whorls of threes, jointed at the base; fruit smooth or 

 nearly so, marked at the apex by three radiating lines or furrows. 

 Leaves with one white stomatic band above. 



Leaves concave above; branches ascending, ascending-spreading or prostrate. 



J. COMMUNIS. 



Leaves sulcate above. 



Branches ascending or ascending-spreading; fruit from 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. 



J. RIGIDA. 



Branches prostrate; fruit from 7 to 12 mm. in diameter J. conferta. 



Leaves with two stomatic bands above, lower surface bluish, spotted with white; 



branchlets glaucous-white on the edges of the pulvini J. procumbens. 



Leaves both acicular and scale-like, the acicular in pairs or ternate; branches ascending, 

 ascending-spreading or prostrate; fruit tuberculate, brown; seeds from 1 to 5. 



J. CHINENSIS. 



JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS L. 



Juniperus communis Linnaeus, Spec. 1040 (1753). Pallas, Fl. Ross. I. pt. 2, 

 12, t. 54, fig. b, c (1788). Ledebour, Fl. Ross. III. 684 (1850). Turczaninow in 

 Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. XXVII. 417 (1854); Fl. Baical.-Dahur. II. 144 (1857). 



