82 CONIFERS AND TAXADS OF JAPAN 



we know nothing of its hardiness and adaptability to cultivation. I did not see 

 this plant in any Japanese gardens, but I have before me a specimen from a garden 

 of the Yore-nezu which, according to Matsumura, is the J. rigida, var. filiformis * of 

 Maximowicz. My specimen represents a mere condition of J. communis, var. 

 nipponica with weak slender branchlets and is not a form of J. rigida S. & Z. 



JUNIPERUS RIGIDA S. & Z. 



Plate LVIH 



Junipekus rigida Siebold & Zuccarini in Abh. Akad. Munch. IV. pt. 3, 233 (Fl. 

 Jap. Fam. Nat. II. 109) (1846). Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 17 (1847). Miquel 

 in Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat. III. 167 (1867); Prol. Fl. Jap. 331 (1867); in Siebold & 

 Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. II. 56, t. 125 (1870). Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PI. Jap. 

 I. 471 (1875). Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VII. 102 (PI. David. 

 I. 292) (1884). Sargent, Forest Fl. Jap. 78 (1894). Palibin in Act. Hort. Petrop. 

 XIV. 145 (1895). Kent in Veitch, Man. Conif. ed. 2, 188 (1900). Shirasawa, 

 Icon. Ess. For. Jap. I. 28, t. 12, fig. 1-13 (1900). Komarov in Act. Hort. Petrop. 

 XX. 207 (Fl. Mandsh. I.) (1901). Matsumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 1, 11 

 (1905). Nakai in Jour. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, XXXI. 383 (Fl. Kor. pt. 2) (1911). 

 Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VI. 1408 (1912). Clinton-Baker, III. 

 Conif. III. 12, fig. (1913). Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Id. I. 674, fig. (1914). 



Juniperus communis Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 264 (not Linnaeus) (1784). 



This Juniper is common on grass- and shrub-clad mountain-slopes from central 

 Hondo southward to Kyushu. The northern limit of its distribution appears to be 

 about the latitude of Tokyo and it is found from sea-level up to 1500 m. above the 

 sea. On the moorland slopes of Yatsuga-dake, on the borders of Kai and Shinano 

 provinces, this Juniper is abundant. It is also plentiful in the vicinity of Akashina 

 in Shinano province and, according to Sargent, it is equally so on barren sandy hills 

 around Gifu in Mino province. On the mainland of eastern Asia, it grows in Korea 

 and in parts of Mandshuria and reaches its western limit on Hsiao-Wutai-shan in 

 the Chili province of northern China. As usually seen Juniperus rigida is an up- 

 right, columnar bush or small tree from 1 to 6 or 8 m. tall ; more rarely is it a tree 

 of medium size. At Miyajima in Aki province I saw the largest trees. These grow 

 in the Pine woods at sea-level and are from 12 to 15 m. tall and from 1.3 to 1.6 m. 

 in girth of trunk. The bark is gray, thin and scaly and furrowed on old trees. On 

 the larger trees the branches are ascending-spreading and spreading and form a 

 narrow pyramidal crown; the lesser branchlets are pendent. The leaves are spread- 

 ing, in whorls of threes, are from 1.5 to 3 cm. long, acicular, triquetrous and very 

 pungent; the upper surface is deeply channelled and has one narrow median line 

 of stomata. The fruit, which ripens the second year, is globose, about the size of a 

 garden pea, and is composed of three scales separated at the summit by three radi- 

 ating lines, and is normally three- or sometimes two- or rarely one-seeded by 

 abortion. When ripe the fruit is brownish black and slightly shining, but until 

 then it is more or less glaucous. 



This Juniper is cultivated in temple grounds and gardens generally in Japan 



1 This name was not published by Maximowicz and the first reference to it I can find is in 

 Bretschneider's Hist. Europ. Bot. Disc. China, 610 (1898). 



