PINACEAE. JUNIPERUS PROCUMBENS 83 



and is known at Muro and Nezu. In eastern North America it thrives and is per- 

 fectly hardy as far north as Boston. It grows freely and with its gray -green leaves 

 and columnar habit it is decidedly ornamental. It was discovered by von Siebold 

 and introduced into England in 1861 by John Gould Veitch. 



JUNIPERUS CONFERTA Pari. 



Plate LIX 



Juniperus confebta Parlatore, Conif. Nov. 1 (1863) ; in De Candolle, Prodr. 

 XVI. pt. 2, 481 (1868). Sargent, Forest Fl. Jap. 78 (1894). 



Juniperus litoralis Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sri. St. Pitersbourg, ser. 3. XII. 230 

 (1868); in Mel. Biol. VI. 375 (1868) . Franchet & Savatier, Enum. PL Jap. I. 

 471 (1875). Masters in Jour. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 496 (1881). Matsumura, 

 Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 1, 10 (1905). Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VI. 

 1422 (1912). Clinton-Baker, III. Conif. III. 18, t. (1913). 



This is a littoral species and is widely spread on sandy shores where it forms 

 dense, broad mats. I met with it first on the southern island of Tanega-shima in 

 Osumi province, Kyushu, and the most northerly place I saw it was at Sakaihama 

 in Saghalien on the shores of the Okhotsk Sea. In Hokkaido it is common on 

 sand dunes on the west shores of Hakodate Bay in Oshima province. In Hondo it 

 is plentiful on the sea coast at Nishizaki-mura, Sakai district, in Boshu province 

 and also on the west coast near Akita in Ugo province. Very probably it occurs in 

 many other places on the Japanese coast. The habit is always prostrate; the 

 leaves, which are very densely crowded, are straight, pungent and are concave and 

 often sulcate above with one median stomatic line; the under side is pale green and 

 keeled. The fruit is three-seeded and is produced in great profusion; it is globose 

 and bloomy black when ripe and is very variable in size. On specimens from 

 Tanega-shima the fruit measures 1.3 cm. across and on others from Sakaihama 

 only 0.6 cm. but between these extremes there is every gradation. The Japanese 

 name for this Juniper is Hai-nezu. I secured a plentiful supply of seeds of this 

 species and many young plants raised from them are now growing in this Arbore- 

 tum. These plants are now a year old and all are strictly erect in habit, about 

 30 cm. high and very glaucous; in another garden here and raised from my seeds 

 there are plants both upright and prostrate in habit. The species ought to be 

 perfectly hardy in eastern North America and if it thrives should make a good 

 ground cover and be especially valuable for covering sand dunes. Juniperus con- 

 ferta was discovered in 1854, by the American botanist Charles Wright, in the 

 vicinity of Hakodate and later in the same place by C. Maximowicz. 



JUNIPERUS PROCUMBENS Sieb. 



Juniperus procumbens Siebold in Jaarb. Nederl. Maatsch. Aanmoed. Tuinb. 

 1844, 31 (Naaml.). Miquel in Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. II. 59, t. 127, fig. 3 

 (1870). Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. Brit. & Irel. VI. 1422 (1912). 



Juniperus chinensis, B procumbens Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 21 (1847). Mat- 

 sumura, Ind. PI. Jap. II. pt. 1, 10 (1905). Beissner, Handb. Nadelh. ed. 2, 607 

 (exclude the synonym J. japonica) (1909). 



