PINACEAE. JUNIPERUS CfflNENSIS 85 



Juniperus nepalensis Hort. ex Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 21 (as a synonym) (1847). 

 Cupressus nepalensis Hort. ex Endlicher, 1. c. (1847). 

 Juniperus Reevesiana Hort. ex Endlicher, 1. c. 31 (1847). 

 Juniperus struthiacea Knight & Perry, Syn. Conif. 13 (name only) (1850?). 

 Juniperus sphaerica Lindley & Paxton in Paxton's Fl. Gard. I. 58, fig. 35 (1850-51). 

 Juniperus Cabiancae Visiani in Mem. Istit. Venet. Sri. VI. 246, t. 1** (1856). 

 Sabina sphaerica Antoine, Cupress. 52, t. 72 (in part) (1857). 

 Sabina chinensis Antoine, I. c. 54, t. 75, 76, fig. a, t. 78, fig. 1, u (1857). 

 Sabina struthiacea Antoine, 1. c. 69 (1857). 

 Sabina dimorpha Antoine, 1. c. 70 (1857). 



Juniperus Fortunii Van Houtte ex Gordon, Pinet. 119 (as synonym) (1858). 

 Juniperus chinensis, var. pendula Franchet in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, ser. 2, VII. 

 101 (PI. David. I. 291) (1884). 



I saw in Japan no plants of this Juniper that could be properly regarded as wild, 

 but in the valley of the Otake-gawa in the heart of Shinano province bushes from 

 1 to 2 m. high with gnarled stems are common in hedgerows. Sargent reports it wild 

 in the western part of the same province and I have wild specimens from Yaku- 

 shima in Kyushu. Dr. Nakai informed me that this Juniper is spontaneous and 

 a common tree at low level in Korea. It also grows wild in southern Mandshuria 

 and in northeastern China and is planted in gardens and temple grounds in many 

 places in China. As a planted tree I saw it in gardens and temple grounds in 

 Japan from Tanega-shima northward to Tokyo, but it is not common. At the 

 Kasuga shrine in Nara Park there is a fine old specimen of J. chinensis about 18 m. 

 tall and 5 m. in girth of trunk but hollow and from it is growing a Cryptomeria tree 

 fully 25 m. tall. The Japanese names for this tree are Byakushin and Ibuki. This 

 Juniper was first introduced to Europe by William Kerr, who sent it from Canton, 

 China, to England in 1804. It is very polymorphic and in Japan the form most 

 usually cultivated has mainly acicular leaves and is a tall columnar bush or small 

 tree. It is the var. japonica Vilmorin (Hort. Vilmorin. 58 [1906]) and was intro- 

 duced into this country by Dr. George R. Hall in 1862; though common here, 

 good specimens are rare. The branches die back and it transplants badly. Of this 

 form there are yellow and white variegated sorts less tall than the type and even 

 less satisfactory as garden plants. A well-marked variety of Juniperus chinensis is 



Juniperus chinensis, var. sargentii Henry in Elwes & Henry, Trees Gr. 

 Brit. & Irel. VI. 1432 (1912). 



Juniperus davurica Fr. Schmidt in Mem. Acad. Sri. St. Petersbourg, ser. 7, XII. 



no. 2, 178 (Reis. Amur. Sachal.) (possibly of Pallas) (1868). 

 Juniperus chinensis, var. Sargent, Forest Fl. Jap. 78 (1894). 

 Juniperus chinensis Matsumura, PI. Nikko, 9 (not Linnaeus) (1894) ; Ind. PL Jap. 



II. pt. 1, 10 (in part) (1905). Masters in Bull. Herb. Boiss. VI. 274 (1898). 

 Juniperus procumbens Sargent in Garden & Forest, X. 421 (not Siebold) (1897). 

 Juniperus chinensis, var. procumbens Takeda in Jour. Linn. Soc. XLII. 486 (not 



Endlicher) (1914). Miyabe & Miyake, Fl. Saghal. 593 (1915). 



This boreal and prostrate variety of the Chinese Juniper is indigenous in 

 northern Hondo but is not common. The southern limit of its range as far as is 

 known is on the lofty Shirane-san in the Nikko region where it grows at 2300 m. 

 altitude. On Hayachine-san in Rikuchu province I found it fairly plentiful on 

 the upper southeast slopes at about 2000 m. altitude, forming dense mats on and 

 among rocks. Faurie collected it on Hakkoda-yama in Mutsu province, but I 

 did not see it there. In Hokkaido this Juniper is more abundant and descends to 



