. N oK I' II < \Koll.\.\ 1'INK. 



i t'nnn tin rnpi'l growth of the tree the wood is 

 coarse grained. Thrifty young trees frequently have as few as 

 rings to the inch near tin Plate I X. A ), while the sapwood 



re than 1' - of age may exhibit less than ten rings to 



l.uiiilei- from second growth trees generally has from 5 to 8 

 rings of annual growth to the inch; that from large old trees from 7 to 

 to tin 1 inch may lie considered fine grained for this spe- 

 wood weighs ahoti! l.'i pounds per cubic foot. The kiln- 

 dried wood, average of the tree, weighs ahout 31 pounds to the cubic 

 foot, the -|.ecitic gravity Icing ahout .50. It is ahout five pounds per 

 Jitcr than that of the longleaf pine, five pounds heavier than 

 that of white jiine. and slightly heavier than that of the shortleaf 

 pine of ;lu ricdmont. But the wood varies considerably in weight. 

 That from the lower part of the stem of trees which have hard, 



compact wood with wide summer wood in the annual rinsr (Plate 

 i \- \ -i "luch.as 4CL_ , ,. f 1 ., ,, 



iX. A i weighs anare_J]i;att=Sifr pounds per cubic foot; while that 



;i the upper part of the stem of treea. with narrow summer wood 

 i . ' ' . . , . , , *s "yie as 6 pounds /T11 



in the ring 01 annual growth weighs mas .tutu* nu_jir&#ei (Plate 



X. A.), commercial wood being largely from the lower part of the 

 averages about 33 pounds to the cubic foot for kiln-dried material. 

 The green wood has a shipping Aveight of 4,2CO pounds for 1,000 feet of 

 inch boards, while the kiln-dried wood weighs about 3,100 pounds per 

 l.i < (i feet of inch boards. Moisture forms 50 per cent of the weight of 



i sapwood and about 25 per cent of the weight of the heartwood. 

 "While the wood is weaker (in proportion to its weight) in tensile, shear- 

 ing, and bonding strength than that of either longleaf pine or white 

 pine, it is relatively stronger than that of the shortleaf pine. On ac- 

 cotin! .f \\< relative weakness it is not s4*desirable a wood as Avhite pine 

 for certain uses, such as doors and small packing boxes. 



:iwi;od levins to form between the twentieth and thirtieth y< 

 earlier on good soils and in rapidly growing tree- than on poor soiU 

 and in slowly growing intermediate or suppre--ed tree-;. The number 

 of rings of sapwood does not remain the <:\MIC throughout the life of the 



-. 1 nt increases with age. A tree thirty years old is practically all 

 -apwood. -el-loin having more than a small core of heartwood in the 

 1 utt log. Trees one hundred years old have from 60 to 65 rings of 



<od. while trees 200 years old commonly have from 90 to 95 rings. 

 than one-third of the volume of trees between seventy and one hun- 

 dred years old' is heartwood; and le~- than one-half of the volume of 

 \ ceii 100 and 150 year- old. Since the sapwood of this pine, on 

 account of its clearness of knots, uniformly bright color, and freedom 

 from pitch is esteemed for interior woodwork fully as highly as the 

 heart wi od. the large proportion of sapwood is considered advantageous 

 rather than otherwise. (Plate XII. I'., i 



The wood is considerably le-s le-inous than that of the longleaf pine, 

 but more so than that of the shortleaf or white pine: Dr. Chas. II. 

 llerty, the well-known authority on turpentine, says that the oleoresin 



