LOBLOLLY OB NORTH CAROLINA PINE. 51 



i crude turpentine) of lul.li.lly pine is closely allied in all of its proper- 

 tin- longleaf pine, l>ut the volatile oil evaporates from it 

 r;i|.illy ami consequently it is dillienlt to collect the material, as 

 much mains in the solid condition on the scarified 1'aco of the 



!.iti\e projiurtions ..f volatile oil and resin are practically 

 .line in this material as in that of the longleaf pine, l.ut the total 

 yield per season is much less from the loblolly or Xurth Carolina pine. 

 ;d value of this tree for turpentine i- discussed on page 53. 



DEFECTS. 



The most common defect- in the wond are extreme coarseness of grain, 



laok of uniformity of texture, and large knots; pitch streaks and small 



pitch pockets, which, however, affect the grade of less than one-half of 



per cent of the boards and are largely limited to butt lot's; while 



nd growth trees, especially those from the open stands in old fields, 

 there are large resinous, but tight knots. The wood is seldom affected 

 I iy windsliake or hollows. Redheart occurs in less than five per cent 

 of the larger logs* and affects less than one per cent of the lumber which 

 is sawed from second growth trees less than f>0 years old. The propor- 

 tion of redheart gradually increases with the age of the tree and is 

 higher in trees grown on poor than on good qua! 



The wood decays rapidly on exposure or in contact with the soil. 

 When kiln-dried or even thoroughly air-dried, the coarse grained ami 

 more porous sapwood is readily impregnated with preservative-. The 

 two most common methods are creosoting under pressure and impreg- 

 nating with bichloride of zinc. The wood is attacked by several species 

 of Avood-destroying fungi when it is exposed to suitable moisture condi- 

 tions, the sapwood being especially susceptible to such attacks. The 

 most prevalent and destructive of these fungi are Schizophyllum com- 

 . and the brown root, Lenzites scpiaria, which causes the rapid 



of damp undried wood and is particularly destructive to ties, 

 piling, etc. Me mint* lacrimans and Coniophora cerebella are rep 

 as being destructive to large factory timbers, and Folyporus vaporius 

 to sills and flooring near the ground. Various species of Thelephoi 

 l.v attacking the sugar and starch in the cells of the sapwood, cause 

 bluing of undried lumber. While bluing does not affect the strength of 

 the wood, it lessens the value of sap lumber, which other Id In- 



used for finish in natural grain. Immersion of the lumber in a solution 

 of bicarbonate of soda in water prevent bluing, but it lias been aban- 

 doned commercially where tried in favor of kiln drying. 



The large proportion of redheart logs which are cut in certain nramp* i from U poecwoa or 

 black bark ; 



