THE MISSING FACTOR IN CURRENT THEORIES. 29 



leave that untouched, the addition of an Other- 

 regarding basis makes an infinite difference. For 

 when it is then asked on which of them the process 

 turns, and the answer is given " On both," we perceive 

 that it is neither by the one alone, nor by the other 

 alone, that the process is to be interpreted, but by a 

 higher unity which resolves and embraces all. And 

 as both are equally necessary to this antinomy, even 

 that of the two which seems irreconcilable with 

 higher ends is seen to be necessary. Viewed sim- 

 pliciter, the Struggle for Life appears irreconcilable 

 with ethical ends, a prodigious anomaly in a moral 

 world ; but viewed in continuous reaction with the 

 Struggle for the Life of Others, it discloses itself as an 

 instrument of perfection the most subtle and far- 

 reaching that reason could devise. 



The presence of the second factor, therefore, while 

 it leaves the first untouched, cannot leave its implica- 

 tions untouched. It completely alters these implica- 

 tions. It has never been denied that the Struggle for 

 Life is an efficient instrument of progress ; the sole 

 difficulty has always been to justify the nature of the 

 instrument. But if even it be shown that this is only 

 half the instrument, teleology gains something. If 

 the fuller view takes nothing away from the process of 

 Evolution, it imports something into it which changes 

 the whole aspect of the case. For even from the first 

 that factor is there. The Struggle for the Life of 

 Others, as we have seen, is no interpolation at the end 

 of the process, but radical, engrained in the world- 

 order as profoundly as the Struggle for Life. By 

 what right, then, has Nature been interpreted only by 

 the Struggle for Life? With far greater justice might 



