THE DAWN OF MIND. 131 



Evolutionist would no more expect to find the higher 

 rational characteristics in a wolf or a bear than to 

 unearth the modern turbine from a Roman aqueduct. 



Though the possession even of a few rudiments 

 of Mind by animals is a sufficient starting point for 

 Mental Evolution, to say that they have only a few 

 rudiments is to understate the facts. But we know so 

 little what Mind is that speculation in this region can 

 only be done in the rough. On one hand lies the 

 danger of minimizing tremendous distinctions, on the 

 other, of pretending to know all about these distinc- 

 tions, because we have learned to call them by certain 

 names. Mind, when we come to see what it is, may 

 be one; perhaps must be one. The habit of uncon- 

 sciously regarding the powers and faculties of Mind as 

 separate entities, like the organs of the body, has its 

 risks as well as its uses ; and we cannot too often 

 remind ourselves that this is a mere device to facili- 

 tate thought and speech. 



It is mainly to Mr. Romanes that we owe the work- 

 ing out of the evidence in this connection ; and even 

 though his researches be little more than a prelimi- 

 nary exploration, their general results are striking. 

 Realizing that the most scientific way to discover 



ment. Indeed, I will go further and affirm that we have the best 

 evidence which is derivable from what are necessarily ejective 

 sources, to prove that no animal can possibly attain to these 

 excellencies of subjective life." Mr. Romanes proceeds to stale 

 the reason why. It is because of " the absence in brutes of the 

 needful conditions to the occurrence of those excellencies as they 

 obtain in themselves . . . the great distinction between the 

 brute and the man really lies behind the faculties both of concep- 

 tion and prediction ; it resides in the conditions to the occurrence 

 of either." Mental Evolution in Animals, p. 175. 



