64 



A MANUAL FOR NORTHERN WOODSMEN 



In pursuit of this system, during the course of the pub- 

 lic land surveys twenty-four initial points have been 

 established, a principal meridian has been run due north 

 and south from each of these, and a base line east and 

 west. Each twenty-four miles north and south of the 

 initial point standard parallels or correction lines have 

 been started on which, as they were run east and west, 

 marks have been left each six miles for the starting of 

 township lines. These are run due north to the next 

 standard parallel; each fourth one being run first and 



Standard Parallel 



FIRST SUBDIVISION OP LAND 



DIVISION INTO TOWNSHIPS 



most accurately as a guide meridian. On the north and 

 south lines township corners are fixed each six miles by 

 measurement, and each pair of corners is later connected. 

 A township corner is common to four townships except on a 

 standard parallel. There, owing to convergence of merid- 

 ians, the corners of the townships north are farther from the 

 principal meridian than those of the townships south ; farther 

 east or west, as the case may be. The ranges of townships 

 connected with any given initial point are numbered east 

 and west from the principal meridian, and the townships 

 themselves are numbered north and south from the base 

 lin-. Thus the sixth township north of a base line in the 

 fourth range east of a principal meridian is designated as 

 township (> north, range 4 east. Each township contains 



